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[Medical Diagnostics for Mold Exposure Indoors].

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[Medical Diagnostics for Mold Exposure Indoors].

Pneumologie. 2016 Nov;70(11):699-741

Authors: Wiesmüller GA, Heinzow B, Aurbach U, Bergmann KC, Bufe A, Buzina W, Cornely OA, Engelhart S, Fischer G, Gabrio T, Heinz W, Herr CE, Kleine-Tebbe J, Klimek L, Köberle M, Lichtnecker H, Lob-Corzilius T, Merget R, Mülleneisen N, Nowak D, Rabe U, Raulf M, Seidl HP, Steiß JO, Szewszyk R, Thomas P, Valtanen K, Hurraß J

PMID: 27829254 [PubMed – in process]

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The soluble guanylyl cyclase activator BAY 60-2770 inhibits murine allergic airways inflammation and human eosinophil chemotaxis.

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The soluble guanylyl cyclase activator BAY 60-2770 inhibits murine allergic airways inflammation and human eosinophil chemotaxis.

Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov 2;:

Authors: Baldissera L, Squebola-Cola DM, Calixto MC, Lima-Barbosa AP, Rennó AL, Anhê GF, Condino-Neto A, De Nucci G, Antunes E

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) act preferentially in conditions of enzyme oxidation or haem group removal. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the sGC activator BAY 60-2770 in murine airways inflammation and human eosinophil chemotaxis.
METHODS: C57Bl/6 mice treated or not with BAY 60-2770 (1 mg/kg/day, 14 days) were intranasally challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). At 48 h, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed, and circulating blood, bone marrow and lungs were obtained. Human eosinophils purified from peripheral blood were used to evaluate the cell chemotaxis.
RESULTS: OVA-challenge promoted marked increases in eosinophil number in BAL, lung tissue, circulating blood and bone marrow, all of which were significantly reduced by BAY 60-2770. The IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BALF were significantly reduced by BAY 60-2770. Increased protein expression of iNOS, along with decreases of expression of sGC (?1 and ?1 subunits) and cGMP levels were detected in lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. BAY 60-2770 fully restored to baseline the iNOS and sGC subunit expressions, and cGMP levels. In human isolated eosinophils, BAY 60-2770 (1-5 ?M) had no effects on the cGMP levels and eotaxin-induced chemotaxis; however, prior incubation with ODQ (10 ?M) markedly elevated the BAY 60-2770-induced cyclic GMP production, further inhibiting the eosinophil chemotaxis.
CONCLUSIONS: BAY 60-2770 reduces airway eosinophilic inflammation and rescue the sGC levels. In human eosinophils under oxidized conditions, BAY 60-2770 elevates the cGMP levels causing cell chemotaxis inhibition. BAY 60-2770 may reveal a novel therapeutic target for asthma treatment.

PMID: 27816773 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Exposure to Community Violence and Physical Health Outcomes in Youth: A Systematic Review.

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Exposure to Community Violence and Physical Health Outcomes in Youth: A Systematic Review.

J Pediatr Psychol. 2016 Oct 28;:

Authors: Wright AW, Austin M, Booth C, Kliewer W

Abstract
OBJECTIVE?: To systematically review the evidence for associations between exposure to community violence and physical health outcomes in children and adolescents. METHODS?: A thorough search of multiple online databases and careful consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded a final 28 studies for detailed review. In addition to review of findings, studies were rated on overall quality based on study design. RESULTS?: Seven categories of physical health outcomes emerged, including asthma/respiratory health, cardiovascular health, immune functioning, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, sleep problems, weight, and a general health category. There were mixed findings across these categories. Evidence for a positive association between community violence exposure and health problems was strongest in the cardiovascular health and sleep categories. CONCLUSION?: There is reason to believe that community violence exposure has an effect on some areas of physical health. Additional well-designed research that focuses on mechanisms as well as outcomes is warranted.

PMID: 27794530 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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