Category: Uncategorized

Posted on

Candida’s Role in Inflammation and Autoimmune Response: Implications for Severe Asthma

Welcome Message from the World Asthma Foundation

Hello to our dedicated community and newcomers alike.

At the World Asthma Foundation (WAF), we’re united by a singular, important mission: to Defeat Asthma. Our approach is rooted in fostering awareness, enhancing education, and promoting research that seeks to unravel the complexities of Asthma. As we strive towards a world where Asthma is no longer a limiting factor in anyone’s life, we remain steadfast in bringing you timely, comprehensive, and relevant information.

We’re excited to share our latest blog post with you. This post encapsulates the culmination of the efforts of a variety researchers, clinicians, and organizations worldwide working independently including pioneering work from the Mayo Clinic, to shed light on the pathogenesis and exacerbation of severe asthma.

Mayo Clinic Candida Study

We delve into the compelling evidence pointing towards the intricate interplay between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune responses, TNF-alpha dysregulation, and comorbidities.

As we unravel these complex relationships, our hope is to equip you, our readers, with knowledge that can empower you in your journey with asthma or help you support someone who is affected.

Let’s continue to learn, share, and work together in our collective fight against Asthma.

Thank you for being a part of our mission. We encourage you to share this information with your healthcare provider.

Establishing a trustworthy and effective relationship with a healthcare provider is crucial to managing your health. It not only ensures that you get the best care but also allows for open and productive conversations about your health.

Introduction

Managing Severe Asthma remains a complex task for many pulmonary practitioners, despite available medication and trigger avoidance strategies. Frequent attacks and poor symptom control often plague patients. Recent investigations, pieced together by the World Asthma Foundation over time have uncovered dozens of notable research groups that have illuminated the complex relationship between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune response, TNF-alpha dysregulation, and comorbidities in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of Severe Asthma. This amassed knowledge underscores the multifaceted nature of Severe Asthma, bringing to light the critical role of Candida in the disease process.

Recent studies reveal a potential link between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune response, TNF-alpha dysregulation, and comorbidities in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of Severe Asthma. This article will provide an overview of these linkages, the financial impact on individuals and society, the necessity for improved diagnostic tools and processes, and source the scientific studies supporting these conclusions.

Candida Colonization, Dysbiosis, and Fungal Sensitization

Candida albicans, a common fungal inhabitant of the mouth, gut, and genital tract, can also colonize the respiratory tract. This colonization is often facilitated by dysbiosis, an imbalance in the normal microbial flora, which can be induced by various factors, including the use of antibiotics and changes in the host immune response. Further, fungal sensitization, a process where the immune system produces antibodies (IgE) against fungal allergens, plays a crucial role in the onset and severity of asthma symptoms. Studies from the Mayo Clinic underline the lower alpha-diversity of lung microbiota and higher fungal burdens in Asthma patients, showing a correlation with severity and poor control of Asthma.

Case in Point

A recent study presented at the CHEST Annual Meeting 2021 by researchers from Mayo Clinic and University of California Davis confirmed the association between intestinal fungal dysbiosis and asthma severity in humans, particularly hospital use in the past year. The study found that patients with asthma who had higher intestinal Candida burden were more likely to have severe asthma exacerbations in the previous year, independent of systemic antibiotic and glucocorticoid use. This suggests that intestinal fungal dysbiosis may worsen asthma control and outcomes in humans. The study also showed that intestinal fungal dysbiosis can enhance the severity of allergic asthma in mice by increasing lung resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) populations, which are important mediators of the gut-lung axis effect. The study used a novel technique of flow cytometry to identify and quantify ILC2 in the lungs of mice. These findings highlight the potential role of intestinal fungal dysbiosis and ILC2 in asthma pathogenesis and management.

Role of Antibiotics and Gut-Lung Axis

Studies show that certain antibiotics prescribed for infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, can lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis, promoting Candida colonization. This gut-lung axis, the communication between gut microbiota and lung health, can create an environment conducive to fungal overgrowth and subsequent infection. As such, understanding this interaction can offer valuable insights into asthma management. Research from the Mayo Clinic suggests that antibiotic usage can significantly contribute to these interactions and, consequently, the pathogenesis of Severe Asthma.

Mechanisms of Candida Colonization

Candida albicans utilizes several mechanisms to cross the intestinal epithelial barrier, including adherence to epithelial cells, invasion, and translocation. Each of these steps facilitates Candida’s ability to invade the host’s system and trigger an immune response. Insights from the Mayo Clinic suggest that bacterial-fungal interactions play a key role in these mechanisms and have implications for Candida colonization.

Candida-Induced Inflammation, Autoimmune Response, and TNF-alpha Dysregulation

Once established, Candida colonization can incite inflammation by provoking the immune system to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha. While TNF-alpha aids in fighting off infections by initiating inflammation, its dysregulation can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases, enhancing the severity of asthma. Research from the Mayo Clinic has shown that Candida colonization in the lung induces an immunologic response, leading to more Severe Asthma.

Autoimmune Response, Comorbidities, and Severe Asthma

Recent studies propose that an autoimmune response could be involved in the onset and exacerbation of Severe Asthma, with TNF-alpha dysregulation playing a pivotal role. Comorbidities like rheumatoid arthritis, often seen in conjunction with Severe Asthma, can further complicate disease management and progression.

Burden, Financial Impact, and Comorbidities

Severe Asthma imposes a substantial burden on individuals and society, financially and otherwise. Healthcare costs, productivity loss, and reduced quality of life contribute to this impact. Asthma comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases can affect disease progression and outcomes, underscoring the need for a comprehensive management approach.

The Necessity for Improved Diagnostic Tools

An accurate diagnosis of Candida colonization, inflammation, and autoimmune response in severe asthma is crucial for optimal patient management. There’s a growing need for improved diagnostic methodologies, tools, and processes. Advances in diagnostic techniques, such as bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), can offer valuable insights into Candida colonization and the associated inflammatory and autoimmune processes. The Mayo Clinic’s recent findings, which identify a unique pattern of lower alpha-diversity and higher fungal burden in the lung microbiota of severe asthma patients, further emphasize the need for enhanced diagnostic methods.

Conclusion

Understanding the link between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune response, TNF-alpha dysregulation, comorbidities, and severe asthma is crucial for medical practitioners dealing with this chronic disease. The significant burden and financial impacts of Severe Asthma on individuals and society underline the urgency for effective management strategies.

Recognizing the influence of comorbidities, such as autoimmune diseases, can guide comprehensive care plans for patients with Severe Asthma. Moreover, enhanced diagnostic tools and processes will aid in early identification and more personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

By integrating this knowledge, medical practitioners can not only better understand the multifaceted nature of Severe Asthma but also enhance its overall management, leading to improved patient care. With ongoing research, we can continue to unravel the complex relationships and mechanisms in asthma pathogenesis, providing new avenues for therapeutic interventions and improved patient outcomes.

Research on the relationship between Candida albicans and Asthma is an important area of study that could lead to better understanding and management of Asthma. In the following sections, we will present a summary of various significant studies on the relationship between Candida Albicans colonization and asthma. We will also cover information on the microbiome of the gut and lungs, wherever applicable.

Additionally, we will provide key takeaways from each study, including relevant details such as the study’s title, authors, and organization affiliation. Finally, we will summarize the collective findings and scientific conclusions related to Candida Albicans colonization, sensitization, and infection in Asthma, and offer resources for you to share with your healthcare provider.

A comprehensive understanding of these aspects promises to shed light on the intricate mechanisms underlying severe asthma, offering new perspectives in our fight against this chronic condition.

Further Study

Name of study: Fungal Dysbiosis and Its Clinical Implications in Severe Asthma Patients
Date: 2023
Authors: Allison N. Imamura, Hannah K. Drescher, Mai Sasaki, Daniel J. Peaslee, David S. Crockett, Alexander S. Adams, Marcia L. Wills, Stephen C. Meredith, and Andrew H. Limper
Organization: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Summary: This study discusses the fungal dysbiosis in severe asthma patients. It finds that the lower alpha-diversity of lung microbiota and higher fungal burdens correlate with severity and poor control of asthma. The study also discusses the possible role of antibiotic usage and bacterial-fungal interactions in this process. The study concludes that understanding the link between Candida colonization, inflammation, autoimmune response, and Severe Asthma is crucial for better management of this chronic disease.

Study Title: CANDIDA ALBICANS INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS INCREASES LUNG RESIDENT ILC2 POPULATIONS AND ENHANCES THE SEVERITY OF HDM-INDUCED ALLERGIC ASTHMA IN MICE

•  Date: October 17-20, 202

Authors: Amjad Kanj, Theodore Kottom, Kyle Schaefbauer, Andrew Limper, Joseph Skalski

•  Organization Affiliation: Mayo Clinic and University of California Davis

Human Anti-fungal Th17 Immunity and Pathology Rely on Cross-Reactivity against Candida albicans. Cell 2019. The authors are Petra Bacher, Thordis Hohnstein, Eva Beerbaum, Marie Röcker, Matthew G. Blango, Svenja Kaufmann, Jobst Röhmel, Patience Eschenhagen, Claudia Grehn, Kathrin Seidel, Volker Rickerts, Laura Lozza, Ulrik Stervbo, Mikalai Nienen, Nina Babel, Julia Milleck, Mario Assenmacher, Oliver A. Cornely, Maren Ziegler, Hilmar Wisplinghoff, Guido Heine, Margitta Worm, Britta Siegmund, Jochen Maul, Petra Creutz, Christoph Tabeling, Christoph Ruwwe-Glösenkamp, Leif E. Sander, Christoph Knosalla, Sascha Brunke, Bernhard Hube, Olaf Kniemeyer, Axel A. Brakhage and Carsten Schwarz.
The main objective of the article is to investigate how cross-reactivity against Candida albicans influences human anti-fungal Th17 immunity and pathology.
• C. albicans-specific Th17 cells can cross-react with other fungal antigens and gluten peptides in patients with CeD or asthma.
• Cross-reactive Th17 cells can cause immune pathology in the gut and lung by producing IL-17A and IL-22 cytokines.
Candida and asthma better by showing that Candida can induce a specific type of immune response that can also react to other fungi and allergens that are associated with asthma. The article also suggests that Candida may contribute to the severity and chronicity of asthma by causing inflammation and tissue damage in the lung. mechanisms and consequences of cross-reactivity are complex and need further investigation.

Name of study: Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, a:Authors:ntifungal resistance, and virulence
Date: 2020
Authors: Du, H., Bing, J., Hu, T., Ennis, C. L., Nobile, C. J., & Huang, G.
M

Name of study: Candida albicans pathogenicity and epithelial immunity
Date: 2014
Abstract Naglik, J. R., Richardson, J. P., & Moyes, D. L.
URL:

Name of study: Candida albicans interactions with the host: crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier
Date: 2019
Abstract: [Unavailable in given data]
Authors: Basmaciyan, L., Bon, F., Paradis, T., Lapaquette, P., & Dalle, F.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2019.1612661

Name of study: ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Date: 2017
Abstract: Authors: Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, Moss SF.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2016.563

Name of study: Asthma is inversely associated with Helicobacter pylori status in an urban population
Date: 2008
Abstract: [Unavailable in given data]
Authors: Reibman J, Marmor M, Filner J, et al.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004060

Name of resource: H pylori Probiotics: A Comprehensive Overview for Health Practitioners
Date: 2020
Abstract: Authors: Ruscio M.
URL: https://drruscio.com/h-pylori-probiotics/

Name of resource: Treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori in adults
Date: 2022
Abstract:
Authors: Lamont JT.

Name of study: Effects of probiotics on the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a review
Date: 2014
Abstract:
Authors: Homayouni A, Bastani P, Ziyadi S, et al.

Posted on

How to Live Well with Asthma in the Post-COVID Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a tough time for everyone, especially for people with asthma. Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways and makes it hard to breathe. People with asthma may have more severe symptoms or complications if they get infected with COVID-19. That’s why it’s important to know how to manage your asthma and protect yourself from the virus.

But even as the pandemic seems to be winding down, the challenges are not over for people with asthma. Many people still live in fear of getting sick or infecting others. Many people still face stress, anxiety, depression, or isolation due to the pandemic. Many people still struggle with access to health care or vaccines.

That’s why we need to learn how to live well with asthma in the post-COVID era. In this blog post, we will share some insights from recent studies and some tips on how to cope with the physical and mental health challenges of asthma and COVID-19.

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the quality of life and treatment of asthma patients around the world. A recent study by Naglaa Youssef and colleagues surveyed 200 asthma patients in Egypt and found that 80% of them had uncontrolled asthma, meaning that their symptoms were frequent or severe and interfered with their daily activities. The most common factor that affected their quality of life was the limitation of activity, such as exercise, work, or socializing. Women reported a higher level of perceived threat from COVID-19 than men.

The study also found some positive changes in the patients’ health behaviors during the pandemic. More patients visited their clinician regularly and followed their treatment plan than before the pandemic. However, over 75% of the patients could not tell the difference between asthma and COVID-19 symptoms, which could lead to confusion or delay in seeking medical help.

The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic improved some aspects of asthma care, but also highlighted the need for better asthma control and education. Uncontrolled asthma is a major risk factor for poor quality of life and should be addressed by both patients and clinicians.

Another study by Valeria Saladino and colleagues explored the psychological and social effects of the pandemic on the population, mostly children, college students, and health professionals. They found that these groups were more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress due to the pandemic. They also found that social distancing and security measures affected the relationship among people and their perception of empathy toward others.

The study suggested that telepsychology and technological devices could be useful tools to decrease the negative effects of the pandemic and improve psychological treatment of patients online. Telepsychology is the delivery of psychological services using telecommunication technologies, such as phone calls, video calls, or online platforms. Telepsychology can offer benefits such as convenience, accessibility, affordability, and continuity of care.

Key takeaways

Here are some key takeaways on how to live well with asthma in the post-COVID era:

• Keep your asthma under control. Follow your asthma action plan, take your medications as prescribed, monitor your symptoms and peak flow, and avoid triggers that can worsen your asthma.

• Protect yourself from COVID-19. Follow the public health guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. Wear a mask when you are in public places, wash your hands frequently, practice social distancing, and get vaccinated when it’s available for you.

• Seek medical help when needed. Don’t hesitate to contact your clinician if you have any questions or concerns about your asthma or COVID-19. If you have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, or loss of taste or smell, get tested and isolate yourself until you get the results.

• Stay active and healthy. Physical activity can improve your lung function and overall health. Choose activities that are suitable for your fitness level and don’t trigger your asthma. Eat a balanced diet, drink plenty of water, and get enough sleep.

• Seek support and information. Living with asthma can be stressful and isolating, especially during a pandemic. Reach out to your family, friends, or support groups for emotional support. You can also visit the World Asthma Foundation website to learn more about asthma and how to manage it during the pandemic.

• Practice empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. It can help you to care for others, cooperate with them, and support them in times of need. Empathy can also motivate you to follow public health guidelines and get vaccinated to prevent the spread of the virus.

• Use telepsychology. Telepsychology is a convenient and effective way to access psychological services online. It can help you cope with stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health problems caused by the pandemic. It can also help you improve your relationship with yourself and others.

Conclusion

Asthma is a common chronic condition that can impair your quality of life if it’s not well controlled. The COVID-19 pandemic has added more challenges and risks for people with asthma. However, by following some simple steps, you can live well with asthma in the post-COVID era.

The World Asthma Foundation is a non-profit organization that aims to empower the world asthma community through education, collaboration, and advocacy. Our vision is to see a day where they can improve the quality of lifem for all asthmatics.
We do this by advocating for an improved understanding
of the causes, diagnostic tools, methodologies, precision therapies, prevention, sustainability in healthcare, and one day
a cure.

Together, we can makea difference for people living with asthma.

Posted on

Transforming Asthma Research: Unveiling the Link Between Laundry Detergents and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation

Introduction:

Welcome to the World Asthma Foundation’s latest blog post, where we delve into groundbreaking research that sheds light on a previously unknown connection between laundry detergents and eosinophilic airway inflammation. Asthma affects millions worldwide, and our mission at the World Asthma Foundation is to inform and inspire, driving progress in the understanding and management of this condition. In this article, we explore a recent study by Kyoko Saito et al., which uncovers the mechanisms behind laundry detergents’ impact on airway health, aligning with our commitment to improving the lives of severe asthmatics.

Investigating the Impact of Laundry Detergents on Airway Inflammation

Summary:

In this groundbreaking study, researchers investigated the direct effects of laundry detergents and surfactants on airway inflammation. The findings demonstrated a significant correlation between the use of certain detergents and the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation, along with the activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Moreover, the study identified the involvement of IL-33 expression and oxidative stress in this process. These discoveries hold immense potential for advancing our understanding of asthma triggers and guiding the development of targeted interventions.

Key Takeaways:

Laundry detergents and surfactants have been found to directly induce eosinophilic airway inflammation in vivo, shedding light on a previously unknown asthma risk factor.
Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) plays a pivotal role in the development of detergent-induced airway inflammation.
Increased IL-33 expression in airway epithelial cells, triggered by laundry detergents, is a key contributor to the inflammatory response.
Oxidative stress has been identified as a mediator in the detergent-induced airway inflammation, offering potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.
The presence of detergent residues in house dust further emphasizes the relevance of this study, highlighting the daily exposure of individuals to these triggers.Conclusion:

The World Asthma Foundation is proud to share this groundbreaking research, which uncovers a new understanding of the impact of laundry detergents on airway inflammation. By illuminating the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, we take a significant step forward in the fight against asthma. This study reinforces the importance of our mission to inform, inspire, and engage severe asthmatics, rallying them to join our cause. Together, we can drive further research, advocate for improved asthma management strategies, and make a tangible difference in the lives of millions.

Posted on

“TIME TO CLEAR THE AIR SYMPOSIUM” TO ADDRESS INDOOR AIR POLLUTION MAY 3 – 4, 2023. – FREE

WORLD ASTHMA FOUNDATION TO HOST “TIME TO CLEAR THE AIR SYMPOSIUM” TO ADDRESS INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH

The World Asthma Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of people living with asthma, is proud to announce the “Time to Clear the Air Virtual Symposium is underwritten by the foundation to raise awareness about the impact of air pollution on human health.

The symposium, scheduled for May 3-4, 2023, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern Time, will bring together experts from academia, government, and the private sector to discuss strategies for improving air quality and protecting human health. The event is FREE to attend and open to the public. Registration is required.

Air pollution is a major public health threat, responsible for over 6.5 million deaths globally each year, according to the World Health Organization.

The quality of air we breathe has a major impact on respiratory and cardiovascular health, as well as other diseases spread by air. The World Asthma Foundation believes that raising awareness about the impact of air pollution is essential to improving public health and well-being.

The ‘Time to Clear the Air Symposium is an opportunity for experts and individuals alike to come together and discuss strategies for improving air quality,” said Alan Gray, Director of the World Asthma Foundation. “We are thrilled to underwrite this event and look forward to engaging with stakeholders from across the globe.”

The symposium will cover a range of topics related to air pollution, including:

Clean air strategies for homes and offices
The impact of air pollution on vulnerable populations

The latest research on air pollution and health

The role of legislation and innovation in improving air quality

Strategies for mitigating the risk of airborne contaminants, including viruses and bacteria

“The symposium will provide an opportunity to learn about cutting-edge research and strategies for improving air quality,” said Alan Gray, a speaker at the symposium. “We hope that attendees will come away with a deeper understanding of the impact of air pollution on health, and with practical strategies for improving air quality in their own lives and communities.”

The “Time to Clear the Air Symposium” is underwritten by the World Asthma Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of people living with asthma worldwide.

For more information about the symposium, including registration details, please visit the World Asthma Foundation’s event at TimeToClearTheAir.com

About the World Asthma Foundation:
The World Asthma Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of people living with asthma worldwide. Our mission is to raise awareness about asthma, support research into new treatments and technologies, and provide resources and support for individuals living with asthma and their families.

Posted on

Asthma Research Participants Wanted

Dear World Asthma Foundation friends, the following message is from a research company interested in connecting.

Hello,

My name is Maggie, and I am with LaGrippe Research, a market research firm specializing in healthcare. We are currently inviting Parents of children aged 6-17 diagnosed with Asthma as well as teens aged 12-17 diagnosed to participate in our upcoming discussion on the topic of asthma and wanted to see if you would be interested in participating. This project’s purpose is to learn more about the adolescent patient journey with Asthma from the parent/caregiver perspective and the child. Participants must live in the USA.

There are a few ways in which you and/or your child can participate:

Parent only web assisted telephone discussion – 75-minute one-on-one call + 20-minute pre-task = $175

Paired webcam interview to include both you and your child – 90 minutes + 20-minute pre-task each = $300

For children ages 12-17 – 90-minute webcam mini focus group + 20-minute pre-task $150

If this sounds like something you might be interested in, please fill out our preliminary questions online here: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/9DY7TRR

Once this is done, we will call you to go over a few additional items, as well as discuss which format you and/or your child which to participate in.

If you have any questions, please contact Maggie at 847-373-4104 or email maggie@lagripperesearch.com

Maggie Barber
Director
847-373-4104
www.lagripperesearch.com

Posted on

Understanding and Managing Severe Asthma: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Severe asthma is a type of asthma that is difficult to control and can have a significant impact on a person’s daily life. Symptoms of severe asthma can include frequent exacerbations (attacks), high levels of asthma symptoms, and a need for high doses of medication to manage symptoms. Causes of severe asthma can include allergies, exposure to environmental triggers, and genetics. Treatment for severe asthma typically includes a combination of long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, as well as quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations. In some cases, additional treatments such as biologic medications or immunomodulators may be needed to manage symptoms.

Types of severe Asthma

There are several subtypes of severe asthma that can be characterized based on specific symptoms and causes. These include:

It’s important to note that some people may have characteristics of more than one subtype of severe asthma. It’s important to work with a healthcare professional to identify your specific subtype of asthma and develop a treatment plan that works for you.

Allergic Asthma

Allergic asthma is a subtype of severe asthma that is caused by an allergic reaction to a specific trigger, such as dust mites, mold, animal dander, pollen, or certain foods. The allergens cause the immune system to overreact and release chemicals, such as histamine, which can lead to inflammation and narrowing of the airways.

  1. Allergic asthma: characterized by an allergic reaction to a specific trigger, such as dust mites, mold, or pet dander.
  2. Non-allergic asthma: characterized by symptoms that are not caused by an allergic reaction, but rather by triggers such as viral infections, cold air, or exercise.
  3. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD): characterized by severe asthma symptoms that are triggered by the use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  4. Obesity-related asthma: characterized by asthma symptoms that are made worse by being overweight or obese.
  5. Occupational asthma: characterized by symptoms caused by exposure to specific triggers in the workplace, such as chemicals or dusts.
  6. Bronchial thermoplasty: characterized by symptoms caused by structural changes in the airways, such as thickening of the muscle layers that can make it harder to breathe.
  7. Eosinophilic asthma: characterized by a high number of white blood cells called eosinophils in the airways.

Symptoms of allergic asthma can include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity
  • Rapid breathing

Allergic asthma is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as skin prick test or blood test (specific IgE) to determine the specific allergens to which an individual is sensitive.

Treatment for allergic asthma typically includes:

  • Avoiding exposure to allergens as much as possible
  • Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators
  • Quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations, such as short-acting bronchodilators
  • Allergen-specific immunotherapy (allergy shots) to help reduce sensitivity to specific allergens over time.

It’s important to note that many people with allergic asthma also have other allergic conditions, such as hay fever, eczema, or hives. They may have benefit from a comprehensive allergy management plan, including allergy testing and immunotherapy.

Non allergic asthma

Non-allergic asthma is a subtype of severe asthma that is not caused by an allergic reaction, but rather by other triggers such as viral infections, cold air, exercise, stress, or exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants. The exact cause of non-allergic asthma is not known, but it is thought to be related to changes in the airways that make them more sensitive to certain triggers.

Symptoms of non-allergic asthma can include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity
  • Rapid breathing

Non-allergic asthma is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as pulmonary function test, to rule out other causes of asthma like infections or structural changes.

Treatment for non-allergic asthma typically includes:

  • Identifying and avoiding triggers as much as possible
  • Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators
  • Quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations, such as short-acting bronchodilators
  • Monitoring of symptoms and lung function regularly

It’s important to note that non-allergic asthma and allergic asthma can have similar symptoms and the distinction between the two subtypes can be difficult. A healthcare professional will work with you to identify the specific triggers of your asthma and create an individualized treatment plan.

Mucus Plugs and Asthma

Mucus plugs, also known as bronchial plugs, can be a complication of asthma. Mucus plugs are clumps of thick, sticky mucus that can block the airways and make it harder to breathe. They can form in the airways of people with asthma as a result of inflammation and increased mucus production in the lungs.

Symptoms of mucus plugs in asthma can include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity
  • Rapid breathing
  • Wet or gurgling sounds when breathing
  • Increased mucus production and difficulty clearing mucus from the lungs

Mucus plugs can be caused by a number of factors, including exposure to triggers such as allergens, viral infections, or pollutants, as well as by changes in the airways that make them more sensitive to certain triggers.

Treatment for mucus plugs in asthma typically includes:

If you have asthma and are experiencing symptoms of mucus plugs, it’s important to speak with your healthcare professional to develop an individualized treatment plan. In some cases, additional treatments such as biologic medications or immunomodulators may be needed to manage symptoms.

Wheezing and Severe Asthma

Wheezing is a common symptom of severe asthma, as well as other types of asthma. It is a whistling or whistling sound that can be heard when breathing, especially during exhalation. Wheezing is caused by narrowed or obstructed airways, which can make it harder to breathe.

In severe asthma, wheezing can be a sign of increased inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which can lead to difficulty breathing and increased risk of exacerbations. The increased airflow resistance leads to increased air movement velocity, generating the wheezing sound.

Symptoms of severe asthma can include:

  • Frequent exacerbations (attacks)
  • High levels of asthma symptoms, such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing
  • A need for high doses of medication to manage symptoms
  • Increased risk of hospitalization
  • Difficulty with daily activities and impairment of quality of life

Treatment for severe asthma typically includes a combination of long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, as well as quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations. In some cases, additional treatments such as biologic medications or immunomodulators may be needed to manage symptoms.

It’s important to work closely with a healthcare professional to develop an individualized treatment plan for severe asthma. This may include regular monitoring of symptoms and lung function, as well as a plan to manage exacerbations and prevent future attacks.

  • Identifying and avoiding triggers as much as possible
  • Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators
  • Quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations, such as short-acting bronchodilators
  • Chest physical therapy, such as chest clapping and vibration, to help remove mucus from the lungs
  • Monitoring of symptoms and lung function regularly
Posted on

World Asthma Day Summary

On the day after World Asthma Day, May 3, 2022, we scanned the globe to find a statement that best sums up the current state of affairs regarding Asthma.

Kudos to tbe U.S National Institute of Environmental Health NIH Statement on World Asthma Day 2022: Toward Improved Asthma Care

Good enough of summary that we want to publish this in its entirety.

Asthma is a serious lung disease; causes chest tightness, wheezing, and coughing; can often be controlled with proper treatment.

Today (May 3, 2022) on World Asthma Day, the National Institutes of Health reaffirms its commitment to biomedical research aimed at preventing the onset of asthma, understanding its underlying causes, and improving the treatment of it. This chronic airway disease, which is characterized by periodic worsening of inflammation that can make it hard to breathe, affects more than 25 million people in the United States, including more than 5 million children. Left untreated, it can be life-threatening.

While scientists have made substantial progress in understanding asthma diagnosis, management, and treatment, therapies to permanently improve breathing for those who suffer from asthma remain elusive. Researchers around the globe are working steadily toward this goal while they seek to better understand and find new ways to manage the disease. They also are continuing research on the underlying causes of disparities in the incidence, care, and prevention of the disease. On the heels of recently updated management and treatment guidelines, researchers anticipate a brighter future for people living with asthma.

Three NIH institutes primarily support and conduct studies on asthma — the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). Other NIH Institutes and Centers also support and conduct asthma research. NIH scientists and grantees made important advances in understanding, treating, and managing asthma in 2021, which are briefly highlighted as follows:

Asthma and COVID-19

An NHLBI-funded study showed that during the pandemic, asthma attacks, also known as asthma exacerbations, significantly decreased in a large group of children and adolescents, compared to the year before the pandemic. The study also found that telehealth visits among these patients increased dramatically during this time. The study included nearly 4,000 participants aged 5-17 years with a prior diagnosis of asthma. Researchers believe a better understanding of the factors that contributed to these improved outcomes could lead to better asthma control in all children and adolescents, as researchers noted no racial or ethnic differences in health outcomes in this population.

A NIAID-funded study found that asthma does not increase the risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. This finding came from a six-month household survey of more than 4,000 children and adults conducted between May 2020 and February 2021.

Asthma Disparities

Researchers have known for decades that social determinants of health – conditions like housing, neighborhood, education, income, and healthcare access – can affect the quality of life and asthma-related health outcomes of people living with the disease. NIH scientists are now reporting new advances in understanding the relationship between social determinants of health and asthma.

Black and Hispanic children who live in low-income urban environments in the United States are at particularly high risk for asthma attacks. These children tend to be underrepresented in large trials of new biologic therapies for asthma.

In a recent NIAID-supported clinical trial, the monoclonal antibody mepolizumab decreased asthma attacks by 27% in Black and Hispanic children and adolescents who have a form of severe asthma, are prone to asthma attacks, and live in low-income urban neighborhoods.

In one study, NHLBI-funded investigators demonstrated the importance of housing interventions in improving the health of children with asthma. Poor quality housing is associated with a high level of asthma triggers – including mold, cockroach, mouse, and dust mite allergens – that can pose a health threat to children with asthma. The study showed the feasibility of using targeted interventions – including better pest management, improved ventilation, and moisture reduction – to achieve healthy housing. It showed that such interventions can result in reduced symptoms and hospitalizations due to asthma.

Environmental Exposures and Asthma

Researchers have known for years that asthma can be triggered by substances in the indoor and outdoor environment. New research shows that exposure to some asthma triggers might even occur before birth.

In an NIH-supported study that included grant support from NIEHS and the NHLBI, researchers reported that prenatal exposure to tiny air pollution particles significantly increased the risk for developing asthma in children. The study, which analyzed data from two different study cohorts, focused on a group of mothers and their children, mostly Black or Hispanic, in the Boston area who lived near major roadways with heavy traffic. It found that more than 18% of the children who were exposed to high levels of these so-called ultrafine particles in the womb developed asthma in their preschool years, compared to 7% of children overall in the United States.

An NIEHS clinical study will assess how environmental factors affect disease progression in non-smoking adults who have moderate or severe asthma. The study will focus on the microbiological and genetic factors associated with atopic asthma, also known as allergic asthma, which is triggered by pollen, dust mites, and other allergens. A better understanding of this data might lead to improved treatments for people with this type of asthma, researchers say.

Climate Change and Asthma

Studies have shown that climate change can increase air pollutants such as ground-level ozone, fine particulates, wildfire smoke, and dust, and that these pollutants can exacerbate asthma. Climate change can also affect the production, distribution, and severity of airborne allergens.

NIEHS, NHLBI, and other NIH institutes and centers are leading the NIH Climate Change and Health Initiative. This is a cross-cutting NIH effort to reduce health threats such as asthma that can develop or worsen because of climate change. The initiative will look at these threats across the lifespan and find ways to build health resilience in individuals, communities, and nations around the world. A strategic framework for the Initiative will help guide NIH investments in this area.

An NIEHS-funded study provides examples of how extreme weather events can affect asthma outcomes. For example, as heat waves and droughts become more frequent and prolonged, the risk of large wildfires will likely increase, resulting in poor air quality that makes it more difficult to control asthma. Other climate-change events can lead to longer and more intense pollen seasons, while mold and dampness in homes may cause asthma to develop or worsen preexisting cases.

About the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID): NIAID conducts and supports research—at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide—to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID website.

About the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI): NHLBI is the global leader in conducting and supporting research in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders that advances scientific knowledge, improves public health, and saves lives. For more information, visit www.nhlbi.nih.gov. For additional information about NHLBI’s asthma resources, visit https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/BreatheBetter.

About the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS): NIEHS supports research to understand the effects of the environment on human health and is part of the National Institutes of Health. For more information on NIEHS or environmental health topics, visit

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation’s medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.

Posted on

The World Asthma Foundation Announces Speakers for Microbiome First Summit

On this World Asthma Day, May 3, 2002, The Microbiome First – Pathway to Sustainable Healthcare Summit organization committee invites healthcare professionals, non-communicable disease community leaders, and stakeholders to participate in the inaugural Microbiome First Summit, a virtual event taking place online at MicrobiomeFirst.org this May, 17-19, 2022. FREE to participants.

For detailed information and to register, visit: https://microbiomefirst.org/

The event, Microbiome First – Pathway to Sustainable Healthcare Summit, kicks off the inaugural event underwritten and moderated by the
World Asthma Foundation (WAF), which is pleased to announce the
following speakers:

Event Keynote
RODNEY DIETERT, PHD
Cornell University Professor Emeritus
Ithaca, NY, USA
Author of The Human Superorganism.
Keynote: “Big Picture View of Our Tiny Microbes”

Researcher Sessions
MARIE-CLAIRE ARRIETA, PHD
Associate Professor, departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics, University of Calgary
Calgary AB, CANADA
Session: “The early-life mycobiome in immune and metabolic development”

JAEYUN SUNG, PHD
Assistant Professor, Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic.
Rochester, MN, USA
Session: “A predictive index for health status using species-level gut microbiome profiling”

KATRINE L. WHITESON, PHD
Assistant Professor, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences
Associate Director, UCI Microbiome Initiative
Irvine, CA, USA
Session: “High-Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids”

LISA AZIZ-ZADEH, PHD
Cognitive neuroscientist; Expert in brain imaging, autism, body cognition
Associate Professor in the USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Session: “Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder”

MARTIN KRIEGEL, MD, PHD
Chief of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology at University Hospital of Münster
GERMANY
Associate Professor Adjunct of Immunobiology at Yale School of Medicine.
Session: “Dietary Resistant Starch Effects on Gut Pathobiont Translocation and Systemic Autoimmunity”

ERICA & JUSTIN SONNENBURG, PHD
Senior research scientist and Associate Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
Palo Alto, CA, USA
Session: “Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status”

EMMA HAMILTON-WILLIAMS, PHD
Associate Professor
Principal Research Fellow
The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute
Faculty of Medicine
The University of Queensland
Translational Research Institute
Woolloongabba, QLD, AUSTRALIA
Session: “Metabolite-based Dietary Supplementation in Human Type 1 Diabetes is associated with Microbiota and Immune modulation”

ANDRES CUBILLOS-RUIZ, PHD
Scientist, Wyss Institute of Harvard University and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA, USA
Session: “Protecting the Gut Microbiota from Antibiotics with Engineered Live Biotherapeutics”

EMERAN A MAYER, MD
Gastroenterologist, Neuroscientist, Distinguished Research Professor
Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
Executive Director, G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience at UCLA
Founding Director, UCLA Brain Gut Microbiome Center.
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Session: “The Gut–Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications”

BENOIT CHASSAING, PHD
Principal Investigator, Chassaing Lab
Associate professor, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research.
Paris, FRANCE
Session: “Ubiquitous food additive and microbiota and intestinal environment”

SEI WON LEE, MD, PHD
Associate Professor
College of Medicine, University of Ulsan
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Asan Medical Center
Seoul, KOREA
Session: “The Therapeutic Application of Gut-Lung Axis in Chronic Respiratory Disease”

PATRICIA MACCHIAVERNI, PHD
Clinical and translational researcher
Research Fellow, The University of Western Australia
Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
Honorary Research Associate, Telethon Kids Institute.
Session: “House Dust Mite Shedding in Human Milk: a Neglected Cause of Allergy Susceptibility?”

LIEKE VAN DEN ELSEN, PHD
Research Fellow, The University of Western Australia, Australia
Honorary Research Associate, Telethon Kids Institute.
Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
Session: “Gut Microbiota by Breastfeeding: The Gateway to Allergy Prevention”

PAUL TURNER, PHD
Rachel Carson Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University
Microbiology faculty member, Yale School of Medicine.
New Haven, CT, USA
Session: “New Yale Center to Advance Phage Research, Understanding, Treatments, Training, Education”

ANDRES CUBILLOS- RUIZ, PHD
Scientist, Wyss Institute of Harvard University and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science of Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT
Boston, MA, USA
Session: “Protecting the Gut Microbiota from Antibiotics with Engineered Live Biotherapeutics”

CLAUDIA S. MILLER, MD, MS
Emeritus Professor, Allergy/Immunology and Environmental Health University of Texas San Antonio, TX, USA
Session: “Toxicant-Induced Lost of Tolerance for Chemicals, Foods and Drugs: a Global Phenomenon”

Media Supporter Content
TONI HARTMAN
PRINCIPAL
Microbiome Courses
London, England UK
Session “Educating Parents About ‘Seeding And Feeding’ A Baby’s Microbiome”

Summit Details:

The goal of the Microbiome First – Sustainable Healthcare Summit is to
improve quality of life at reduced cost by addressing the microbiome
first, as recent research shows that all of these non-communicable diseases have a relationship to the microbiome.

For additional information visit https://microbiomefirst.org/ or on Twitter at @MicrobiomeFirst https://twitter.com/MicrobiomeFirst