Welcome Message from the World Asthma Foundation
Hello to our dedicated community and newcomers alike.
At the World Asthma Foundation (WAF), we’re united by a singular, important mission: to Defeat Asthma. Our approach is rooted in fostering awareness, enhancing education, and promoting research that seeks to unravel the complexities of Asthma. As we strive towards a world where Asthma is no longer a limiting factor in anyone’s life, we remain steadfast in bringing you timely, comprehensive, and relevant information.
We’re excited to share our latest blog post with you. This post encapsulates the culmination of the efforts of a variety researchers, clinicians, and organizations worldwide working independently including pioneering work from the Mayo Clinic, to shed light on the pathogenesis and exacerbation of severe asthma.
We delve into the compelling evidence pointing towards the intricate interplay between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune responses, TNF-alpha dysregulation, and comorbidities.
As we unravel these complex relationships, our hope is to equip you, our readers, with knowledge that can empower you in your journey with asthma or help you support someone who is affected.
Let’s continue to learn, share, and work together in our collective fight against Asthma.
Thank you for being a part of our mission. We encourage you to share this information with your healthcare provider.
Establishing a trustworthy and effective relationship with a healthcare provider is crucial to managing your health. It not only ensures that you get the best care but also allows for open and productive conversations about your health.
Introduction
Managing Severe Asthma remains a complex task for many pulmonary practitioners, despite available medication and trigger avoidance strategies. Frequent attacks and poor symptom control often plague patients. Recent investigations, pieced together by the World Asthma Foundation over time have uncovered dozens of notable research groups that have illuminated the complex relationship between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune response, TNF-alpha dysregulation, and comorbidities in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of Severe Asthma. This amassed knowledge underscores the multifaceted nature of Severe Asthma, bringing to light the critical role of Candida in the disease process.
Recent studies reveal a potential link between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune response, TNF-alpha dysregulation, and comorbidities in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of Severe Asthma. This article will provide an overview of these linkages, the financial impact on individuals and society, the necessity for improved diagnostic tools and processes, and source the scientific studies supporting these conclusions.
Candida Colonization, Dysbiosis, and Fungal Sensitization
Candida albicans, a common fungal inhabitant of the mouth, gut, and genital tract, can also colonize the respiratory tract. This colonization is often facilitated by dysbiosis, an imbalance in the normal microbial flora, which can be induced by various factors, including the use of antibiotics and changes in the host immune response. Further, fungal sensitization, a process where the immune system produces antibodies (IgE) against fungal allergens, plays a crucial role in the onset and severity of asthma symptoms. Studies from the Mayo Clinic underline the lower alpha-diversity of lung microbiota and higher fungal burdens in Asthma patients, showing a correlation with severity and poor control of Asthma.
Case in Point
A recent study presented at the CHEST Annual Meeting 2021 by researchers from Mayo Clinic and University of California Davis confirmed the association between intestinal fungal dysbiosis and asthma severity in humans, particularly hospital use in the past year. The study found that patients with asthma who had higher intestinal Candida burden were more likely to have severe asthma exacerbations in the previous year, independent of systemic antibiotic and glucocorticoid use. This suggests that intestinal fungal dysbiosis may worsen asthma control and outcomes in humans. The study also showed that intestinal fungal dysbiosis can enhance the severity of allergic asthma in mice by increasing lung resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) populations, which are important mediators of the gut-lung axis effect. The study used a novel technique of flow cytometry to identify and quantify ILC2 in the lungs of mice. These findings highlight the potential role of intestinal fungal dysbiosis and ILC2 in asthma pathogenesis and management.
Role of Antibiotics and Gut-Lung Axis
Studies show that certain antibiotics prescribed for infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, can lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis, promoting Candida colonization. This gut-lung axis, the communication between gut microbiota and lung health, can create an environment conducive to fungal overgrowth and subsequent infection. As such, understanding this interaction can offer valuable insights into asthma management. Research from the Mayo Clinic suggests that antibiotic usage can significantly contribute to these interactions and, consequently, the pathogenesis of Severe Asthma.
Mechanisms of Candida Colonization
Candida albicans utilizes several mechanisms to cross the intestinal epithelial barrier, including adherence to epithelial cells, invasion, and translocation. Each of these steps facilitates Candida’s ability to invade the host’s system and trigger an immune response. Insights from the Mayo Clinic suggest that bacterial-fungal interactions play a key role in these mechanisms and have implications for Candida colonization.
Candida-Induced Inflammation, Autoimmune Response, and TNF-alpha Dysregulation
Once established, Candida colonization can incite inflammation by provoking the immune system to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha. While TNF-alpha aids in fighting off infections by initiating inflammation, its dysregulation can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases, enhancing the severity of asthma. Research from the Mayo Clinic has shown that Candida colonization in the lung induces an immunologic response, leading to more Severe Asthma.
Autoimmune Response, Comorbidities, and Severe Asthma
Recent studies propose that an autoimmune response could be involved in the onset and exacerbation of Severe Asthma, with TNF-alpha dysregulation playing a pivotal role. Comorbidities like rheumatoid arthritis, often seen in conjunction with Severe Asthma, can further complicate disease management and progression.
Burden, Financial Impact, and Comorbidities
Severe Asthma imposes a substantial burden on individuals and society, financially and otherwise. Healthcare costs, productivity loss, and reduced quality of life contribute to this impact. Asthma comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases can affect disease progression and outcomes, underscoring the need for a comprehensive management approach.
The Necessity for Improved Diagnostic Tools
An accurate diagnosis of Candida colonization, inflammation, and autoimmune response in severe asthma is crucial for optimal patient management. There’s a growing need for improved diagnostic methodologies, tools, and processes. Advances in diagnostic techniques, such as bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), can offer valuable insights into Candida colonization and the associated inflammatory and autoimmune processes. The Mayo Clinic’s recent findings, which identify a unique pattern of lower alpha-diversity and higher fungal burden in the lung microbiota of severe asthma patients, further emphasize the need for enhanced diagnostic methods.
Conclusion
Understanding the link between Candida colonization, dysbiosis, inflammation, autoimmune response, TNF-alpha dysregulation, comorbidities, and severe asthma is crucial for medical practitioners dealing with this chronic disease. The significant burden and financial impacts of Severe Asthma on individuals and society underline the urgency for effective management strategies.
Recognizing the influence of comorbidities, such as autoimmune diseases, can guide comprehensive care plans for patients with Severe Asthma. Moreover, enhanced diagnostic tools and processes will aid in early identification and more personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
By integrating this knowledge, medical practitioners can not only better understand the multifaceted nature of Severe Asthma but also enhance its overall management, leading to improved patient care. With ongoing research, we can continue to unravel the complex relationships and mechanisms in asthma pathogenesis, providing new avenues for therapeutic interventions and improved patient outcomes.
Research on the relationship between Candida albicans and Asthma is an important area of study that could lead to better understanding and management of Asthma. In the following sections, we will present a summary of various significant studies on the relationship between Candida Albicans colonization and asthma. We will also cover information on the microbiome of the gut and lungs, wherever applicable.
Additionally, we will provide key takeaways from each study, including relevant details such as the study’s title, authors, and organization affiliation. Finally, we will summarize the collective findings and scientific conclusions related to Candida Albicans colonization, sensitization, and infection in Asthma, and offer resources for you to share with your healthcare provider.
A comprehensive understanding of these aspects promises to shed light on the intricate mechanisms underlying severe asthma, offering new perspectives in our fight against this chronic condition.
Further Study
Name of study: Fungal Dysbiosis and Its Clinical Implications in Severe Asthma Patients
Date: 2023
Authors: Allison N. Imamura, Hannah K. Drescher, Mai Sasaki, Daniel J. Peaslee, David S. Crockett, Alexander S. Adams, Marcia L. Wills, Stephen C. Meredith, and Andrew H. Limper
Organization: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Summary: This study discusses the fungal dysbiosis in severe asthma patients. It finds that the lower alpha-diversity of lung microbiota and higher fungal burdens correlate with severity and poor control of asthma. The study also discusses the possible role of antibiotic usage and bacterial-fungal interactions in this process. The study concludes that understanding the link between Candida colonization, inflammation, autoimmune response, and Severe Asthma is crucial for better management of this chronic disease.
Study Title: CANDIDA ALBICANS INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS INCREASES LUNG RESIDENT ILC2 POPULATIONS AND ENHANCES THE SEVERITY OF HDM-INDUCED ALLERGIC ASTHMA IN MICE
• Date: October 17-20, 202
Authors: Amjad Kanj, Theodore Kottom, Kyle Schaefbauer, Andrew Limper, Joseph Skalski
• Organization Affiliation: Mayo Clinic and University of California Davis
Human Anti-fungal Th17 Immunity and Pathology Rely on Cross-Reactivity against Candida albicans. Cell 2019. The authors are Petra Bacher, Thordis Hohnstein, Eva Beerbaum, Marie Röcker, Matthew G. Blango, Svenja Kaufmann, Jobst Röhmel, Patience Eschenhagen, Claudia Grehn, Kathrin Seidel, Volker Rickerts, Laura Lozza, Ulrik Stervbo, Mikalai Nienen, Nina Babel, Julia Milleck, Mario Assenmacher, Oliver A. Cornely, Maren Ziegler, Hilmar Wisplinghoff, Guido Heine, Margitta Worm, Britta Siegmund, Jochen Maul, Petra Creutz, Christoph Tabeling, Christoph Ruwwe-Glösenkamp, Leif E. Sander, Christoph Knosalla, Sascha Brunke, Bernhard Hube, Olaf Kniemeyer, Axel A. Brakhage and Carsten Schwarz.
The main objective of the article is to investigate how cross-reactivity against Candida albicans influences human anti-fungal Th17 immunity and pathology.
• C. albicans-specific Th17 cells can cross-react with other fungal antigens and gluten peptides in patients with CeD or asthma.
• Cross-reactive Th17 cells can cause immune pathology in the gut and lung by producing IL-17A and IL-22 cytokines.
Candida and asthma better by showing that Candida can induce a specific type of immune response that can also react to other fungi and allergens that are associated with asthma. The article also suggests that Candida may contribute to the severity and chronicity of asthma by causing inflammation and tissue damage in the lung. mechanisms and consequences of cross-reactivity are complex and need further investigation.
Name of study: Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, a:Authors:ntifungal resistance, and virulence
Date: 2020
Authors: Du, H., Bing, J., Hu, T., Ennis, C. L., Nobile, C. J., & Huang, G.
M
Name of study: Candida albicans pathogenicity and epithelial immunity
Date: 2014
Abstract Naglik, J. R., Richardson, J. P., & Moyes, D. L.
URL:
Name of study: Candida albicans interactions with the host: crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier
Date: 2019
Abstract: [Unavailable in given data]
Authors: Basmaciyan, L., Bon, F., Paradis, T., Lapaquette, P., & Dalle, F.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2019.1612661
Name of study: ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Date: 2017
Abstract: Authors: Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, Moss SF.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2016.563
Name of study: Asthma is inversely associated with Helicobacter pylori status in an urban population
Date: 2008
Abstract: [Unavailable in given data]
Authors: Reibman J, Marmor M, Filner J, et al.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004060
Name of resource: H pylori Probiotics: A Comprehensive Overview for Health Practitioners
Date: 2020
Abstract: Authors: Ruscio M.
URL: https://drruscio.com/h-pylori-probiotics/
Name of resource: Treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori in adults
Date: 2022
Abstract:
Authors: Lamont JT.
Name of study: Effects of probiotics on the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a review
Date: 2014
Abstract:
Authors: Homayouni A, Bastani P, Ziyadi S, et al.