Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Linked to Sources of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Cardiorespiratory Effects.

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Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Linked to Sources of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Cardiorespiratory Effects.

Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Oct 12;

Authors: Bates JT, Weber RJ, Abrams J, Verma V, Fang T, Klein M, Strickland M, Sarnat SE, Chang HH, Mulholland JA, Tolbert PE, Russell AG

Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We assess the hypothesis that PM2.5 induces oxidative stress in the body via catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A dithiothreitol (DTT) assay was used to measure the ROS-generation potential of water-soluble PM2.5. Source apportionment on ambient (Atlanta, GA) PM2.5 was performed using the Chemical Mass Balance Method with ensemble-averaged source impact profiles. Linear regression modeling was used to relate PM2.5 emissions sources to ROS-generation potential and to estimate historical levels of DTT activity for use in an epidemiologic analysis for the period 1998-2009. Light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) exhibited the highest intrinsic DTT activity, followed by biomass burning (BURN) and heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) (0.11 ± 0.02, 0.069 ± 0.02, and 0.052 ± 0.01 nmol min-1 ?g-1source, respectively). BURN contributed the largest fraction to total DTT activity over the study period, followed by LDGV and HDDV (45%, 20% and 14%, respectively). DTT activity was more strongly associated with emergency department visits for asthma/wheezing and congestive heart failure than PM2.5. This work provides further epidemiologic evidence of a biologically plausible mechanism, that of oxidative stress, for associations of adverse health outcomes with PM2.5 mass, and supports continued assessment of the utility of the DTT activity assay.biological plausibility to associations of adverse health outcomes with PM2.5 mass, supporting oxidative stress as a mechanism.

PMID: 26457347 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Livestock farming and atmospheric emissions.

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Livestock farming and atmospheric emissions.

Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2013 Jul-Aug;69(4):445-57

Authors: Zicari G, Soardo V, Rivetti D, Cerrato E, Russo D

Abstract
Livestock farming produces atmospheric emissions that may pose a risk to workers and a disturbance to the population. Emissions into the atmosphere produced by livestock farming consist of gases such as ammonia, dust, compounds such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and bio-aerosols formed by microorganisms. Some gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulphide, have foul odours and are thus potentially annoying to the population. Gaseous or volatile molecules produced by livestock installations and related activities may have several adverse effects on health and environment. The most significant exposure certainly relates to workers in the confined spaces of farms, rather than to residents in the surrounding areas. In this article we examine potential hazards to farm workers and to the population living in the vicinity of livestock farms, arising from emissions into the atmosphere.

PMID: 24091845 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

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Do changes in atmospheric pressure cause asthma attacks? – Mother Nature Network


Mother Nature Network

Do changes in atmospheric pressure cause asthma attacks?
Mother Nature Network
Researchers aren't quite sure why a drop in barometric pressure may induce joint pain or headaches or asthma. There are theories, but the only conclusive reason why sunny, warm weather is better for those with joint pain is simply that warm weather is

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