Decreased Epithelial and Plasma miR-181b-5p Expression Associates with Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma.

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Decreased Epithelial and Plasma miR-181b-5p Expression Associates with Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma.

Clin Exp Allergy. 2016 May 18;

Authors: Huo X, Zhang K, Yi L, Mo Y, Liang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Zhen G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a pivotal feature of asthma. Epithelial cells play critical roles in airway eosinophilia. We hypothesized that epithelial microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in airway eosinophilia.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations between epithelial and plasma miR-181b-5p and airway eosinophilic inflammation, and the possible mechanism by which miR-181b-5p participates in eosinophilic inflammation.
METHODS: Epithelial miRNAs expression was profiled by miRNA array in 8 subjects with asthma and 4 healthy controls. Epithelial miR-181b-5p expression was confirmed by quantitative PCR in the subjects for array experiment and another cohort including 21 subjects with asthma and 10 controls. Plasma miR-181b-5p was determined by quantitative PCR in 72 subjects with asthma and 35 controls. Correlation assays between epithelial or plasma miR-181b-5p expression and airway eosinophilia were performed. The target of miR-181b-5p, SPP1, was predicted by online algorithms and verified in BEAS-2B cells. The role of miR-181b-5p in epithelial proinflammatory cytokine expression was examined in an in vitro system.
RESULTS: Epithelial miR-181b-5p expression was decreased in subjects with asthma. Epithelial miR-181b-5p levels were inversely correlated with sputum and bronchial submucosal eosinophilia. Plasma miR-181b-5p was decreased and correlated with epithelial miR-181b-5p in subjects with asthma. There was a strong inverse correlation between plasma miR-181b-5p and airway eosinophilia in subjects with asthma. Plasma miR-181b-5p was increased after inhaled corticosteroids treatment. We verified that SPP1 is a target of miR-181b-5p. In human bronchial epithelial cells, miR-181b-5p regulated IL-13-induced IL-1? and CCL11 expression by targeting SPP1. Dexamethasone restored IL-13-induced miR-181b-5p downregulation and suppressed IL-13-induced SPP1, IL-1? and CCL11 expression.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Epithelial and plasma miR-181b-5p are potential biomarkers for airway eosinophilia in asthma. MiR-181b-5p may participate in eosinophilic airway inflammation by regulating proinflammatory cytokines expression via targeting SPP1. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27192552 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Similarities and differences among eosinophilic esophagitis, proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia, and reflux esophagitis: comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings in Japanese patients.

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Similarities and differences among eosinophilic esophagitis, proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia, and reflux esophagitis: comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings in Japanese patients.

J Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 23;

Authors: Jiao D, Ishimura N, Maruyama R, Ishikawa N, Nagase M, Oshima N, Aimi M, Okimoto E, Mikami H, Izumi D, Okada M, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Esophageal eosinophilia is classified as either eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) or proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE), depending on the response to PPI treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings of EoE and PPI-REE in Japanese patients. In addition, the characteristics of these cases were compared with those of reflux esophagitis (RE) cases.
METHODS: Eleven patients diagnosed with EoE, 16 with PPI-REE, and 39 with RE, who were all consecutively examined from 2005 to 2015 at Shimane University Hospital, were enrolled. Clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological esophageal findings in these groups were retrospectively examined and compared.
RESULTS: The differences in the clinical characteristics of EoE and PPI-REE were not remarkable, though patients with EoE and PPI-REE were younger, presented a higher prevalence of allergic comorbidities, and complained of symptoms of dysphagia more frequently than those with RE. The only noteworthy differences between EoE and PPI-REE were more frequent reports of asthma (36.4 vs. 2.6 %) and food allergy (27.3 vs. 0 %) by patients with EoE (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Endoscopic findings in patients with EoE and PPI-REE were similar, with the presence of esophageal erosions in a small percentage of PPI-REE cases being the only difference. There were no histopathological differences between EoE and PPI-REE.
CONCLUSIONS: Comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings between EoE and PPI-REE showed that these two types have similar characteristics, though EoE patients showed a higher atopic background. Predicting PPI responsiveness in cases with esophageal eosinophilia is difficult and requires further investigation.

PMID: 27108416 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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EMA OKs Nucala for Severe Refractory Eosinophilic Asthma – Medscape


Medscape

EMA OKs Nucala for Severe Refractory Eosinophilic Asthma
Medscape
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved mepolizumab (Nucala, GlaxoSmithKline) as an add-on treatment for severe refractory eosinophilic asthma in adults in the 31 European countries covered by the EMA, according to a company statement.
GSK gets European marketing rights for Nucala to treat asthmaThe Pharma Letter (registration)
EU OK for GSK's novel asthma biologicPharmaTimes
Nucala Now Available for Severe AsthmaMonthly Prescribing Reference (registration)
Drug Discovery & Development –StreetInsider.com –Zacks.com
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Reslizumab Works Best in Late-Onset Eosinophilic Asthma – Medscape


Medscape

Reslizumab Works Best in Late-Onset Eosinophilic Asthma
Medscape
AMSTERDAM — In patients with late-onset asthma who have elevated blood eosinophils, the anti-interleukin 5 (IL-5) antibody reslizumab can reduce exacerbations by 75% compared with placebo, according to a new analysis of data from two phase 3 trials …
Teva Presents New Reslizumab Data at European Respiratory Society (ERS Business Wire (press release)

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