Tag: Exposure

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Effect of different helminth extracts on the development of asthma in mice: the influence of early-life exposure and the role of IL-10 response.

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Effect of different helminth extracts on the development of asthma in mice: the influence of early-life exposure and the role of IL-10 response.

Exp Parasitol. 2015 Jun 17;

Authors: Pitrez PM, Gualdi LP, Barbosa GL, Sudbrack S, Ponzi D, Cao RG, Silva AC, Machado DC, Jones MH, Stein RT, Graeff-Teixeira C

Abstract
It is not currently clear whether different parasites have distinct effects on the airway inflammatory response in asthma and whether exposure in early life to helminths have a stronger impact in a potential inhibitory effect on asthma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exposure to different helminth extracts on the development of allergic pulmonary response in mice, including early-life exposure. Different helminth extracts (Angiostrongylus costaricensis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Ascaris lumbricoides) were studied in female adult BALB/c and C57BL/6 IL-10-deficient mice in a protocol of murine asthma, injected intraperitoneally in different periods of exposure (early, pre-sensitization and post-sensitization). Cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) from lung tissue, cytokine levels from BAL/spleen cell cultures, and lung histology were analyzed. Airway cellular influx induced by OVA was significantly inhibited by extracts of A. cantonensis and A. lumbricoides. Extracts of A. lumbricoides and A. costaricensis led to a significant reduction of IL-5 in BAL (p<0.001). Only the exposure to A. lumbricoides led to an increased production of IL-10 in the lungs (p<0.001). In IL-10-deficient mice exposed to A. costaricensis pre-sensitization, eosinophil counts and IL-5 levels in BAL and EPO in lung tissue were significantly reduced. In the early exposure to A. cantonensis, lung inflammation was clearly inhibited. In conclusion, different helminth extracts inhibit allergic lung inflammation in mice. IL-10 may not play a central role in some helminth-host interactions. Early exposure to helminth extracts could be a potential strategy to explore primary prevention in asthma.

PMID: 26093162 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Is Secondhand Smoke Exposure Associated With Increased Exacerbation Severity Among Children Hospitalized for Asthma?

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Is Secondhand Smoke Exposure Associated With Increased Exacerbation Severity Among Children Hospitalized for Asthma?

Hosp Pediatr. 2015 May;5(5):249-255

Authors: Andrews AL, Shirley N, Ojukwu E, Robinson M, Torok M, Wilson KM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and length of stay (LOS) and other exacerbation severity indicators in children hospitalized for asthma.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review at 2 children’s hospitals. Patients aged 2 to 18 hospitalized for asthma in 2012 were included. Outcome variables included LOS, PICU, magnesium, and intravenous (IV) steroids. Bivariate analysis determined differences between SHS-exposed and non-SHS-exposed groups. Geometric means were used for LOS to account for skewed distribution. Logistic and zero-truncated negative binomial regression models were used to determine the independent association between SHS exposure and hospitalization severity indicators.
RESULTS: A total of 623 patients were included; 41% reported SHS exposure. Mean LOS was 47.5 hours. In the SHS-exposed group, LOS was 50.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.7-54.0) and in the nonexposed group it was 45.8 (95% CI 43.4-48.4) (P = .02). In regression analysis, institution modified the effect of SHS exposure on LOS. At Children’s Hospital Colorado, SHS exposure was associated with a 20% increase in LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3). At the Medical University of South Carolina, there was no significant association. SHS-exposed patients were more likely to receive IV steroids (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) CONCLUSIONS: Among children hospitalized for asthma, we identified a significant association at 1 institution between SHS exposure and LOS and found that IV steroid use was significantly associated with LOS at both institutions. Eliminating SHS exposure among children with asthma is important.

PMID: 25934808 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Exposure to Indoor Pollutants and Wheeze and Asthma Development during Early Childhood.

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Exposure to Indoor Pollutants and Wheeze and Asthma Development during Early Childhood.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(4):3993-4017

Authors: Patelarou E, Tzanakis N, Kelly FJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: This review aimed to summarize existing epidemiological evidence of the association between quantitative estimates of indoor air pollution with early childhood respiratory disease.
METHODS: We carried out a systematic literature search of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies undertaken in “westernized” countries that have assessed exposure to indoor pollutants and asthma and wheeze from infancy up to the age of 5.
RESULTS: The search, between January 2004 and February 2014 yielded 1840 studies for consideration. Following application of eligibility criteria to titles and abstracts 22 independent studies were deemed relevant for further review. Two additional studies were next identified through examination of the references’ lists of these studies. Of these 24 selected studies, 16 adopted a prospective cohort design and 8 were case-control studies. Fourteen studies assessed exposure to bio-aerosols, 8 studies assessed exposure to specific air chemicals and two studies assessed exposure to bio-aerosols and air chemicals. Furthermore, 11 studies examined the association of exposure with asthma and 16 with wheeze. Findings indicate that existing studies have reported contradictory effects of indoor pollutants levels and occurrence of asthma/wheeze.
CONCLUSION: Additional research to establish causality and evaluate interventions to prevent disease onset is needed.

PMID: 25872014 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Variations in Asthma Symptoms Depend on Environmental Exposure – Lung Disease News


Lung Disease News

Variations in Asthma Symptoms Depend on Environmental Exposure
Lung Disease News
Not all asthma sufferers display similar disease characteristics, and one of the reasons behind this discrepancy may be different patient backgrounds concerning occupational environments and smoking habits. One study, published in BMC Pulmonary …

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Childhood exposure to paracetamol not directly associated with increased … – 2 Minute Medicine


2 Minute Medicine

Childhood exposure to paracetamol not directly associated with increased …
2 Minute Medicine
1. This meta-analysis could not conclusively attribute increased asthma risk to in utero or early life paracetamol exposure. 2. While initial analysis showed an association between paracetamol exposure and asthma risk, controlling for coincident upper …

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Reported link between early life exposure to paracetamol and asthma ‘overstated’ – Medical Xpress

Reported link between early life exposure to paracetamol and asthma 'overstated'
Medical Xpress
The seven studies covering the potential link between exposure to paracetamol while in the womb and subsequent childhood asthma reached widely varying conclusions, and only one took account of the potential role of respiratory infections during …

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles affect the expression of p53, Ras p21 and JNKs: an ex vivo/in vitro exposure study in respiratory disease patients.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles affect the expression of p53, Ras p21 and JNKs: an ex vivo/in vitro exposure study in respiratory disease patients.

Mutagenesis. 2014 Nov 6;

Authors: Kumar A, Najafzadeh M, Jacob BK, Dhawan A, Anderson D

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are the mostly used engineered metal oxide nanoparticles in consumer products. This has increased the likelihood of human exposure to this engineered nanoparticle (ENPs) through different routes. At present, the majority of the studies concerning ZnO ENPs toxicity have been conducted using in vitro and in vivo systems. In this study, for the first time we assessed the effect of ZnO ENPs on the major cellular pathways in the lymphocytes of healthy individuals as well as in susceptible patients suffering from lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Using the differential expression analysis, we observed a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent (10, 20 and 40 µg/ml for 6h) increase in the expression of tumour suppressor protein p53 (40, 60 and 110%); Ras p21 (30, 52 and 80%); c-Jun N-terminal kinases; JNKs) (28, 47 and 78%) in lung cancer patient samples treated with ZnO ENPs compared to healthy controls. A similar trend was also seen in COPD patient samples where a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in the expression of tumour suppressor protein p53 (26, 45 and 84%), Ras p21 (21, 40 and 77%), JNKs (17, 32 and 69%) was observed after 6h of ZnO ENPs treatment at the aforesaid concentrations. However, the increase in the expression profile of tested protein was not significant in the asthma patients as compared to controls. Our results reiterate the concern about the safety of ZnO ENPs in consumer products and suggest the need for a complete risk assessment of any new ENPs before its use.

PMID: 25381309 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Mouse exposure shows stronger link to asthma-related emergency department … – EurekAlert (press release)


NBCNews.com

Mouse exposure shows stronger link to asthma-related emergency department …
EurekAlert (press release)
Past research has been inconsistent in determining the relative effects of mouse droppings vs. cockroach exposure on asthma in children. According to a study being presented at the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Annual …
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WebMD
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