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Prenatal phthalate exposure linked to increased risk of childhood asthma
Medical News Today Asthma is one of the most common long-term diseases in childhood, affecting around 6.8 million children in the US. According to the research team, including senior author Dr. Rachel Miller, past studies have suggested that childhood exposure to … |
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Condition: Asthma
Intervention: Biological: Segmental airway allergen challenge
Sponsors: University of California, San Francisco; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Not yet recruiting – verified August 2014
View full post on ClinicalTrials.gov: asthma | received in the last 14 days
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Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Adult Asthma in a Nationwide Cohort of US Women.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Aug 29;
Authors: Young MT, Sandler DP, DeRoo LA, Vedal S, Kaufman JD, London SJ
Abstract
Rationale: Limited prior data suggests an association between traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in adults. No published studies assess the effect of long-term exposures to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) on adult incident asthma. Objectives: To estimate the association between ambient air pollution exposures (PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and development of asthma and incident respiratory symptoms. Methods: The Sister Study is a US cohort study of risk factors for breast cancer and other health outcomes (n=50,884) in sisters of women with breast cancer (enrollment: 2003-2009). Annual average (2006) ambient PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated at participants’ addresses using a national land-use/kriging model incorporating roadway information. Outcomes at follow-up (2008-2012) included incident self-reported wheeze, chronic cough, and doctor-diagnosed asthma in women without baseline symptoms. Measures and Main Results: Adjusted analyses included 254 incident cases of asthma, 1,023 of wheeze, and 1,559 of chronic cough. For an interquartile range (IQR) difference (3.6 µg/m3) in estimated PM2.5 exposure, the adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) was 1.20 (95% CI=0.99-1.46, P=0.063) for incident asthma and 1.14 (95% CI=1.04-1.26, P=0.008) for incident wheeze. For NO2, there was evidence for an association with incident wheeze (aOR=1.08, 95% CI=1.00-1.17, P=0.048 per IQR of 5.8 ppb). Neither pollutant was significantly associated with incident cough (PM2.5: aOR=0.95, 95% CI=0.88-1.03, P=0.194, NO2: aOR=1.00, 95% CI=0.93-1.07, P=0.939). Conclusions: Results suggest that PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of developing asthma and PM2.5 and NO2 increase the risk of developing wheeze, the cardinal symptom of asthma, in adult women.
PMID: 25172226 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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University Herald |
Indoor Mold Exposure Can Post Health Risk To Asthma Patients
Medical Research News and Interviews_ MedicalResearch.com Dr. Sharpe: By systematically reviewing the findings from 17 studies across 8 different countries, we've found that increased levels of the fungal species Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium can pose a significant health risk to people with asthma. Indoor Mold May Pose a Significant Threat to Asthma Sufferers Indoor Mold Poses Health Risk to Asthma Sufferers |
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Influence of farming exposure on the development of asthma and asthma-like symptoms.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Jul 30;
Authors: Wells AD, Poole JA, Romberger DJ
Abstract
Based upon age and type of farming exposures, a wide range of studies demonstrate either protective or deleterious effects of the farming environment on asthma. In this review, we highlight key studies supporting the concept that farming exposure protects children from asthma and atopy based on studies performed largely in European pediatric cohorts. Various types of farming in certain regions appear to have a greater effect on asthma protection, as does the consumption of unpasteurized milk. In the United State, where concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are more common, asthma is increased in children exposed especially to swine CAFOs; whereas, rates of atopy and allergy are lower in these children. We also review studies evaluating the role of farming exposures both as a child and/or as an adult on asthma seen in adults. The importance of microbes in farming environments and the contribution of various components of the innate immune system including toll-like receptors to the underlying mechanisms of asthma related to farming exposures are also reviewed.
PMID: 25086344 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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IL-33 and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Mediate Immune Pathology in Response to Chronic Airborne Allergen Exposure.
J Immunol. 2014 Jul 11;
Authors: Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Hara K, Kephart GM, Ziegler SF, McKenzie AN, Kita H
Abstract
Humans are frequently exposed to various airborne allergens in the atmospheric environment. These allergens may trigger a complex network of immune responses in the airways, resulting in asthma and other chronic airway diseases. In this study, we investigated the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathological changes induced by chronic exposure to multiple airborne allergens. Naive mice were exposed intranasally to a combination of common airborne allergens, including the house dust mite, Alternaria, and Aspergillus, for up to 8 wk. These allergens acted synergistically and induced robust eosinophilic airway inflammation, specific IgE Ab production, type 2 cytokine response, and airway hyperresponsiveness in 4 wk, followed by airway remodeling in 8 wk. Increased lung infiltration of T cells, B cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells was observed. CD4(+) T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells contributed to the sources of IL-5 and IL-13, suggesting involvement of both innate and adaptive immunity in this model. The lung levels of IL-33 increased quickly within several hours after allergen exposure and continued to rise throughout the chronic phase of inflammation. Mice deficient in IL-33R (Il1rl1(-/-)) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (Tslpr(-/-)) showed significant reduction in airway inflammation, IgE Ab levels, and airway hyperresponsiveness. In contrast, mice deficient in IL-25R or IL-1R showed minimal differences as compared with wild-type animals. Thus, chronic exposure to natural airborne allergens triggers a network of innate and adaptive type 2 immune responses and airway pathology, and IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin most likely play key roles in this process.
PMID: 25015831 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Medscape |
First-Year Allergen Exposure Reduces Asthma, Allergy Risk
Monthly Prescribing Reference Exposure to specific allergens and bacteria during the first year of life could reduce the risk of recurrent wheeze and allergic sensitization. Published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 560 children at high risk for asthma were … Increased airway resistance in early childhood linked to asthma Newborns exposed to dirt have lower allergy, asthma risk |
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Secondhand smoke exposure in infants influenced risk for asthma, rhinitis, eczema
Healio Secondhand smoke exposure, in utero or during infancy, influenced the development of asthma and rhinitis in early childhood and impacted eczema at later ages, according to research presented at the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology … |
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Effects of early-life exposure to allergens and bacteria on recurrent wheeze and atopy in urban children.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 May 28;
Authors: Lynch SV, Wood RA, Boushey H, Bacharier LB, Bloomberg GR, Kattan M, O’Connor GT, Sandel MT, Calatroni A, Matsui E, Johnson CC, Lynn H, Visness CM, Jaffee KF, Gergen PJ, Gold DR, Wright RJ, Fujimura K, Rauch M, Busse WW, Gern JE
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wheezing illnesses cause major morbidity in infants and are frequent precursors to asthma.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine environmental factors associated with recurrent wheezing in inner-city environments.
METHODS: The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study examined a birth cohort at high risk for asthma (n = 560) in Baltimore, Boston, New York, and St Louis. Environmental assessments included allergen exposure and, in a nested case-control study of 104 children, the bacterial content of house dust collected in the first year of life. Associations were determined among environmental factors, aeroallergen sensitization, and recurrent wheezing at age 3 years.
RESULTS: Cumulative allergen exposure over the first 3 years was associated with allergic sensitization, and sensitization at age 3 years was related to recurrent wheeze. In contrast, first-year exposure to cockroach, mouse, and cat allergens was negatively associated with recurrent wheeze (odds ratio, 0.60, 0.65, and 0.75, respectively; P ? .01). Differences in house dust bacterial content in the first year, especially reduced exposure to specific Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes, was associated with atopy and atopic wheeze. Exposure to high levels of both allergens and this subset of bacteria in the first year of life was most common among children without atopy or wheeze.
CONCLUSIONS: In inner-city environments children with the highest exposure to specific allergens and bacteria during their first year were least likely to have recurrent wheeze and allergic sensitization. These findings suggest that concomitant exposure to high levels of certain allergens and bacteria in early life might be beneficial and suggest new preventive strategies for wheezing and allergic diseases.
PMID: 24908147 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Guardian Liberty Voice |
Asthma and Allergy Protection Possible From Early Allergen Exposure
Guardian Liberty Voice A recent study done by scientists at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center has shown that babies who are exposed early to allergens could be protected from allergies and asthma later in life. Allergens include pollen, household bacteria, pet dander and … |
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