Tag: Findings

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Similarities and differences among eosinophilic esophagitis, proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia, and reflux esophagitis: comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings in Japanese patients.

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Similarities and differences among eosinophilic esophagitis, proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia, and reflux esophagitis: comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings in Japanese patients.

J Gastroenterol. 2016 Apr 23;

Authors: Jiao D, Ishimura N, Maruyama R, Ishikawa N, Nagase M, Oshima N, Aimi M, Okimoto E, Mikami H, Izumi D, Okada M, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Esophageal eosinophilia is classified as either eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) or proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE), depending on the response to PPI treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings of EoE and PPI-REE in Japanese patients. In addition, the characteristics of these cases were compared with those of reflux esophagitis (RE) cases.
METHODS: Eleven patients diagnosed with EoE, 16 with PPI-REE, and 39 with RE, who were all consecutively examined from 2005 to 2015 at Shimane University Hospital, were enrolled. Clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological esophageal findings in these groups were retrospectively examined and compared.
RESULTS: The differences in the clinical characteristics of EoE and PPI-REE were not remarkable, though patients with EoE and PPI-REE were younger, presented a higher prevalence of allergic comorbidities, and complained of symptoms of dysphagia more frequently than those with RE. The only noteworthy differences between EoE and PPI-REE were more frequent reports of asthma (36.4 vs. 2.6 %) and food allergy (27.3 vs. 0 %) by patients with EoE (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Endoscopic findings in patients with EoE and PPI-REE were similar, with the presence of esophageal erosions in a small percentage of PPI-REE cases being the only difference. There were no histopathological differences between EoE and PPI-REE.
CONCLUSIONS: Comparisons of clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological findings between EoE and PPI-REE showed that these two types have similar characteristics, though EoE patients showed a higher atopic background. Predicting PPI responsiveness in cases with esophageal eosinophilia is difficult and requires further investigation.

PMID: 27108416 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Genetic Ancestry and Asthma and Rhinitis Occurrence in Hispanic Children: Findings from the Southern California Children’s Health Study.

Genetic Ancestry and Asthma and Rhinitis Occurrence in Hispanic Children: Findings from the Southern California Children’s Health Study.

PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0135384

Authors: Salam MT, Avoundjian T, Knight WM, Gilliland FD

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asthma and rhinitis are common childhood health conditions. Being an understudied and rapidly growing population in the US, Hispanic children have a varying risk for these conditions that may result from sociocultural (including acculturative factors), exposure and genetic diversities. Hispanic populations have varying contributions from European, Amerindian and African ancestries. While previous literature separately reported associations between genetic ancestry and acculturation factors with asthma, whether Amerindian ancestry and acculturative factors have independent associations with development of early-life asthma and rhinitis in Hispanic children remains unknown. We hypothesized that genetic ancestry is an important determinant of early-life asthma and rhinitis occurrence in Hispanic children independent of sociodemographic, acculturation and environmental factors.
METHODS: Subjects were Hispanic children (5-7 years) who participated in the southern California Children’s Health Study. Data from birth certificates and questionnaire provided information on acculturation, sociodemographic and environmental factors. Genetic ancestries (Amerindian, European, African and Asian) were estimated based on 233 ancestry informative markers. Asthma was defined by parental report of doctor-diagnosed asthma. Rhinitis was defined by parental report of a history of chronic sneezing or runny or blocked nose without a cold or flu. Sample sizes were 1,719 and 1,788 for investigating the role of genetic ancestry on asthma and rhinitis, respectively.
RESULTS: Children had major contributions from Amerindian and European ancestries. After accounting for potential confounders, per 25% increase in Amerindian ancestry was associated with 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.99) and 13.6% (95% CI: 0.79-0.98) lower odds of asthma and rhinitis, respectively. Acculturation was not associated with either outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Earlier work documented that Hispanic children with significant contribution from African ancestry are at increased asthma risk; however, in Hispanic children who have little contribution from African ancestry, Amerindian ancestry was independently associated with lower odds for development of early-childhood asthma and rhinitis.

PMID: 26263549 [PubMed – in process]

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Findings reveal new pathway to develop effective treatments and therapies for … – News-Medical.net


News-Medical.net

Findings reveal new pathway to develop effective treatments and therapies for …
News-Medical.net
Investigators have discovered the precise molecular steps that enable immune cells implicated in certain forms of asthma and allergy to develop and survive in the body. The findings from Weill Cornell Medical College reveal a new pathway that …

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Study’s Findings on Asthma Do Not Support the “Hygiene Hypothesis” – Lung Disease News


Lung Disease News

Study's Findings on Asthma Do Not Support the “Hygiene Hypothesis”
Lung Disease News
Since its theoretical inception, the hygiene hypothesis has become a widely accepted explanation for the swift rise in the number of children with allergic disorders and asthma in the developed world. Even though this notion that the excessive …

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Risk of suicide for individuals reporting asthma and atopy in young adulthood: Findings from the Glasgow Alumni study.

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Risk of suicide for individuals reporting asthma and atopy in young adulthood: Findings from the Glasgow Alumni study.

Psychiatry Res. 2014 Dec 19;

Authors: Crawford AA, Galobardes B, Jeffreys M, Davey Smith G, Gunnell D

Abstract
There is emerging evidence that asthma and atopy may be associated with a higher risk of suicide. We investigated the association of asthma and atopy with mortality from suicide (n=32) in the Glasgow Alumni cohort, adjusting for the key confounders of socioeconomic position and smoking. We found no evidence of an association in our a priori atopy phenotypes with suicide, and there were insufficient suicides in the asthma phenotypes to draw any conclusions. In additional analyses, individuals reporting both eczema-urticaria and hay fever and those with family history of atopy were at higher risk of suicide. As these were secondary analyses and based on small numbers of events we cannot rule out chance findings. The lack of evidence in our main hypothesis may be due to the small number of suicides or reported associations between asthma and atopy may be confounded.

PMID: 25596956 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Asthma attacks triggered by colds due to a tiny molecule, new findings suggest – Tech Times


Tech Times

Asthma attacks triggered by colds due to a tiny molecule, new findings suggest
Tech Times
The molecule IL-25 is of interest to researchers studying asthma because of its role in the onset of type-2 immune responses. Rhinovirus infections are typically mild but they end up worsening in asthmatic individuals because IL-25 promotes the …
Scientists find potential way to treat cold-triggered asthmaFox News
Solving the mystery of why colds cause asthma attacksMedical News Today
New Clues to How Colds Can Spur Asthma AttacksWebMD

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