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Exacerbation of asthma and airway infection: is the virus the villain?
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014 Sep 24;
Authors: Costa LD, Costa PS, Camargos PA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to review the available literature on the association between acute viral respiratory tract infection and the onset of asthma exacerbations, identifying the most prevalent viruses, detection methods, as well as preventive and therapeutic aspects.
DATA SOURCE: a search was conducted in PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases, between the years 2002 and 2013, using the following descriptors: asthma exacerbation, virus, child, and acute respiratory infection.
DATA SYNTHESIS: a total of 42 original articles addressing the identification of respiratory viruses during episodes of asthma exacerbation were selected, mostly cross-sectional studies. There was a wide variation in the methodology of the assessed studies, particularly in relation to the children’s age and methods of collection and viral detection. The results indicate that, in up to 92.2% of exacerbations, a viral agent was potentially the main triggering factor, and human rhinovirus was the most frequently identified factor. The pattern of viral circulation may have been responsible for the seasonality of exacerbations. The association between viral infections and allergic inflammation appears to be crucial for the clinical and functional uncontrolled asthma, but few studies have evaluated other triggering factors in association with viral infection.
CONCLUSIONS: respiratory viruses are present in the majority of asthmatic children during episodes of exacerbation. The involved physiopathological mechanisms are yet to be fully established, and the synergism between allergic inflammation and viral infection appears to determine uncontrolled disease. The role of other triggering and protective agents is yet to be clearly determined.
PMID: 25261603 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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UTHealth Researchers to Assess Asthma Risk in Healthcare Workers
Infection Control Today In 2003, the researchers published the results of a survey that found an increased prevalence of asthma among healthcare workers, especially nurses. After entering the healthcare field, 7.3 percent of nurses developed asthma while this figure was … Researchers to assess asthma risk in health care workers |
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Caesarean Section and Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population Based Study.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014 Sep 17;
Authors: Kristensen K, Fisker N, Haerskjold A, Ravn H, Simões EA, Stensballe L
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:: Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and asthma share common determinants, and meta-analyses indicate that children delivered by caesarean section (CS) are at increased risk of asthma. We aimed to investigate whether birth by CS is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for RSV illness.
METHODS:: This was a population based national register based cohort study, conducted between January 1997 and June 2003, that included all children born in Denmark and all hospitalizations for RSV disease in them from 0 – 23 months of age. We used Cox regression with adjustment for prematurity, asphyxia, birth weight, multiple births, single parenthood, maternal smoking during pregnancy, older siblings, and asthma diagnoses up to 2 weeks before hospitalization for RSV infection, to compare the effects of acute or elective CS versus vaginal delivery, on subsequent hospitalization for RSV disease. A test for homogeneity was used to assess for effect over time.
RESULTS:: 399,175 children with 10,758 hospitalizations for RSV illness were included. 31,715 were born by acute CS and 30,965 by elective CS. Adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalization for RSV infection in children born by acute CS and by elective CS were 1.09 (1.01 – 1.17) and 1.27 (1.19 – 1.36), respectively. The effect of elective CS remained unchanged throughout the first two years of life (p = 0.53), whereas the effect of acute CS was only present in the second year of life (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION:: Delivery by caesarian section is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for RSV infeciton. This effect continues at least throughout the first two years of life.
PMID: 25232778 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Study Sheds Light on Asthma and Respiratory Viruses
Infection Control Today People with asthma often have a hard time dealing with respiratory viruses such as the flu or the common cold, and researchers have struggled to explain why. In a new study that compared people with and without asthma, the answer is becoming clearer. |
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Science Codex |
Study Shows Effectiveness of Anti-Malarial Drug in Controlling Asthma
Infection Control Today Asthmatic patients may soon have a more effective way to control the condition, thanks to a new pharmacological discovery by researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS). The team, led by associate professor Fred Wong from the Department … NUS study shows effectiveness of common anti-malarial drug in controlling asthma Anti-malaria drug may be used to treat asthma, say researchers |
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Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a mouse model of bronchial asthma during seasonal H1N1 infection.
Cytokine. 2014 Jul 3;69(2):206-210
Authors: Hasegawa S, Wakiguchi H, Okada S, Gui Kang Y, Fujii N, Hasegawa M, Hasegawa H, Ainai A, Atsuta R, Shirabe K, Toda S, Wakabayashi-Takahara M, Morishima T, Ichiyama T
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies support the role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbation. However, several pediatricians believe that influenza virus infection does not exacerbate bronchial asthma, except for influenza A H1N1 2009 pandemic [A(H1N1)pdm09] virus infection. We previously reported that A(H1N1)pdm09 infection possibly induces severe pulmonary inflammation or severe asthmatic attack in a mouse model of bronchial asthma and in asthmatic children. However, the ability of seasonal H1N1 influenza (H1N1) infection to exacerbate asthmatic attacks in bronchial asthma patients has not been previously reported, and the differences in the pathogenicity profiles, such as cytokine profiles, remains unclear in bronchial asthma patients after A(H1N1)pdm09 and H1N1 infections.
METHODS: The cytokine levels and viral titers in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from mice with and without asthma after H1N1 infection (A/Yamagata and A/Puerto Rico strains) were compared.
RESULTS: The interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, IL-5, interferon (IFN)-?, IFN-?, and IFN-? levels were significantly higher in the BAL fluids from the control/H1N1 mice than from the asthmatic/H1N1 mice. The viral titers in the BAL fluid were also significantly higher in the control/H1N1mice than in the asthmatic/H1N1 mice infected with either A/Yamagata or A/Puerto Rico.
CONCLUSIONS: A(H1N1)pdm09 infection, but not H1N1 infection, can induce severe pulmonary inflammation through elevated cytokine levels in a mouse model of asthma.
PMID: 24998935 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Early child life Bacteria infection results to Asthma and Allergy protection
The Westside Story Babies who are exposed to bacteria within the first year of their life will be less likely to develop asthma and allergies later on, a new study finds. The new study finds that babies exposed to certain types of bacteria may be less likely to get … |
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Intravenous Ketamine for Refractory Bronchospasm Precipitated by H1N1 Infection.
Front Pediatr. 2014;2:24
Authors: Agrawal A, Shrivastava J
Abstract
Acute severe bronchospasm is an emergency situation and sometimes these children may fail to respond to conventional treatment and deteriorate rapidly to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. We present a case of 2-year-old girl, who presented with severe bronchospasm resulting in respiratory failure not responding to conventional management including mechanical ventilation and was found to be H1N1 positive. She was treated with ketamine infusion, which led to prompt improvement in airway obstruction.
PMID: 24765619 [PubMed]
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People's Pharmacy: Some research suggests infection may cause asthma
Online Athens I have asthma and have found that the drugs my doctors prescribe don't do very much for me. I was intrigued by something you wrote about asthma being caused by infection. Both my family physician and my specialist say this is totally bogus. What is the … |
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