Tag: prevalence

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Sports activities enhance the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren.

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Sports activities enhance the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren.

Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015 Nov 27;

Authors: Kusunoki T, Takeuchi J, Morimoto T, Sakuma M, Mukaida K, Yasumi T, Nishikomori R, Heike T

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between sports activities and allergic symptoms, especially rhinitis, among schoolchildren.
METHODS: This longitudinal survey of schoolchildren collected data from questionnaires regarding allergic symptoms based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) program and sports participation that were distributed to the parents of children at all 12 public primary schools in Ohmi-Hachiman City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Data were collected annually from 2011 until 2014, when the children reached 10 years old. Blood samples were obtained in 2014, and levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E specific to four inhalant allergens were measured.
RESULTS: Data from 558 children were analyzed. At 10 years old, prevalences of asthma and eczema did not differ significantly, while rhinitis was significantly higher (P=0.009) among children who participated in sports. Prevalence of rhinitis increased as the frequency or duration of sports participation increased (P<0.01). The prevalence of new-onset rhinitis increased significantly among 10-year-olds with increasing duration of participation in sports (P=0.03). Among those who participated in continuous sports activities, prevalence of rhinitis was significantly higher with prolonged eczema (P=0.006). Sports activities did not increase sensitization to inhalant allergens.
CONCLUSION: Sports activities enhance the prevalence of rhinitis in schoolchildren. Prolonged eczema, together with sports participation, further promotes the symptoms. The mechanisms of these novel findings warrant further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 26613558 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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United States Asthma Drugs Market 2015-2019 – Rise in Disease Prevalence … – PR Newswire (press release)

United States Asthma Drugs Market 2015-2019 – Rise in Disease Prevalence …
PR Newswire (press release)
The report, Asthma Drugs Market in the US 2015-2019, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes …

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Chronic disease prevalence in women and air pollution – A 30-year longitudinal cohort study.

Chronic disease prevalence in women and air pollution – A 30-year longitudinal cohort study.

Environ Int. 2015 Apr 6;80:26-32

Authors: To T, Zhu J, Villeneuve PJ, Simatovic J, Feldman L, Gao C, Williams D, Chen H, Weichenthal S, Wall C, Miller AB

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Air pollution, such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), can increase risk of adverse health events among people with heart disease, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by aggravating these conditions. Identifying the influence of PM2.5 on prevalence of these conditions may help target interventions to reduce disease morbidity among high-risk populations.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to measure the association of exposure of PM2.5 with prevalence risk of various chronic diseases among a longitudinal cohort of women.
METHODS: Women from Ontario who enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (CNBSS) from 1980 to 1985 (n=29,549) were linked to provincial health administrative data from April 1, 1992 to March 31, 2013 to determine the prevalence of major chronic disease and conditions (heart disease, diabetes, asthma, COPD, acute myocardial infarction, angina, stroke and cancers). Exposure to PM2.5 was measured using satellite data collected from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2006 and assigned to resident postal-code at time of entry into study. Poisson regression models were used to describe the relationship between exposure to ambient PM2.5 and chronic disease prevalence. Prevalence rate ratios (PRs) were estimated while adjusting for potential confounders: baseline age, smoking, BMI, marital status, education and occupation. Separate models were run for each chronic disease and condition.
RESULTS: Congestive heart failure (PR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.51), diabetes (PR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.41), ischemic heart disease (PR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.30), and stroke (PR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.35) showed over a 20% increase in PRs per 10?g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 after adjusting for risk factors. Risks were elevated in smokers and those with BMI greater than 30.
CONCLUSIONS: This study estimated significant elevated prevalent rate ratios per unit increase in PM2.5 in nine of the ten chronic diseases studied.

PMID: 25863281 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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The association between asthma and rhinitis is stable over time despite diverging trends in prevalence.

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The association between asthma and rhinitis is stable over time despite diverging trends in prevalence.

Respir Med. 2015 Jan 21;

Authors: Bjerg A, Eriksson J, Ólafsdóttir IS, Middelveld R, Franklin K, Forsberg B, Larsson K, Torén K, Dahlén SE, Janson C

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite the well-known association between asthma and rhinitis, in Swedish adults the prevalence of rhinitis rose from 22% to 31% between 1990 and 2008 while asthma prevalence was unchanged. We tested whether the association of rhinitis with asthma was stable over time using the same population-based databases.
METHODS: Two surveys of adults (20-44 years) living in three regions of Sweden, carried out in 1990 (n = 8982) and 2008 (n = 9156) were compared. Identical questions regarding respiratory symptoms, asthma and rhinitis were used. Asthmatic wheeze: Wheeze with breathlessness apart from colds. Current asthma: Asthma attacks and/or asthma medication use.
RESULTS: Subjects with rhinitis had level time trends in asthmatic wheeze, current asthma and most nocturnal respiratory symptoms between 1990 and 2008, adjusted for age, sex, area and smoking. Any wheeze however decreased slightly. In never-smokers asthma symptoms were similarly associated with rhinitis in 1990 and 2008: any wheeze OR 4.0 vs. 4.4 (p = 0.339); asthmatic wheeze OR 6.0 vs. 5.9 (p = 0.937); and current asthma OR 9.6 vs. 7.7 (p = 0.213). In the whole population there were decreases in the asthma symptoms most closely associated to smoking, which decreased by half 1990-2008. Conversely current asthma, which was strongly associated with rhinitis and not with smoking, increased (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The association of rhinitis with asthma was stable between 1990 and 2008. The pattern in the time trends of asthma outcomes strongly suggests that decreased smoking counterbalanced the driving effect of increased rhinitis on asthma prevalence. The findings illustrate the public health benefits of decreased smoking.

PMID: 25638411 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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