Tag: review

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A short review on structure and role of cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 4 as a treatment tool.

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A short review on structure and role of cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 4 as a treatment tool.

J Res Pharm Pract. 2015 Oct-Dec;4(4):175-181

Authors: Eskandari N, Mirmosayyeb O, Bordbari G, Bastan R, Yousefi Z, Andalib A

Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known as a super-family of enzymes which catalyze the metabolism of the intracellular cyclic nucleotides, cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic-3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate that are expressed in a variety of cell types that can exert various functions based on their cells distribution. The PDE4 family has been the focus of vast research efforts over recent years because this family is considered as a prime target for therapeutic intervention in a number of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, and it should be used and researched by pharmacists. This is because the major isoform of PDE that regulates inflammatory cell activity is the cAMP-specific PDE, PDE4. This review discusses the relationship between PDE4 and its inhibitor drugs based on structures, cells distribution, and pharmacological properties of PDE4 which can be informative for all pharmacy specialists.

PMID: 26645022 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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A systematic review of predictive models for asthma development in children.

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A systematic review of predictive models for asthma development in children.

BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15(1):99

Authors: Luo G, Nkoy FL, Stone BL, Schmick D, Johnson MD

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most common pediatric chronic disease affecting 9.6 % of American children. Delay in asthma diagnosis is prevalent, resulting in suboptimal asthma management. To help avoid delay in asthma diagnosis and advance asthma prevention research, researchers have proposed various models to predict asthma development in children. This paper reviews these models.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted through searching in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, and OpenGrey up to June 3, 2015. The literature on predictive models for asthma development in children was retrieved, with search results limited to human subjects and children (birth to 18 years). Two independent reviewers screened the literature, performed data extraction, and assessed article quality.
RESULTS: The literature search returned 13,101 references in total. After manual review, 32 of these references were determined to be relevant and are discussed in the paper. We identify several limitations of existing predictive models for asthma development in children, and provide preliminary thoughts on how to address these limitations.
CONCLUSIONS: Existing predictive models for asthma development in children have inadequate accuracy. Efforts to improve these models’ performance are needed, but are limited by a lack of a gold standard for asthma development in children.

PMID: 26615519 [PubMed – in process]

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Movie review: ‘Asthma’ a dreary rehash of hipster clichés – Salt Lake Tribune


Salt Lake Tribune

Movie review: 'Asthma' a dreary rehash of hipster clichés
Salt Lake Tribune
Writer-director Jake Hoffman's "Asthma" is one of those New York indie character studies that would have played well at the Sundance Film Festival 20 years ago, but now just spews out faux hipster clichés. It takes only minutes to dislike the main …

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Allergic Asthma – Pipeline Review, H2 2015 Market Analysis,Competitive … – Medgadget.com (blog)

Allergic Asthma – Pipeline Review, H2 2015 Market Analysis,Competitive …
Medgadget.com (blog)
This report provides comprehensive information on the therapeutic development for Allergic Asthma, complete with comparative analysis at various stages, therapeutics assessment by drug target, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA …

and more »

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Review: Jake Hoffman’s Obvious And Tiresome ‘Asthma’ With Krysten Ritter, Iggy … – Indie Wire (blog)


Indie Wire (blog)

Review: Jake Hoffman's Obvious And Tiresome 'Asthma' With Krysten Ritter, Iggy …
Indie Wire (blog)
It's really a win/win situation. If the logline “examines the consequences of the 'live fast, die young' mentality in New York's indie rock scene” doesn't chill you to your core, perhaps you might actually get something out of “Asthma,” the directorial …
Jake Hoffman Wants to Show Both Sides of Rebellion and Addiction in AsVanity Fair

all 2 news articles »

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Volatile organic compounds in asthma diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Volatile organic compounds in asthma diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Allergy. 2015 Oct 17;

Authors: Cavaleiro Rufo J, Madureira J, Oliveira Fernandes E, Moreira A

Abstract
We aimed to assess the value and classification rate of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in asthma diagnosis. A PRISMA oriented systematic search for published studies regarding exhaled VOCs in asthma diagnosis was conducted based on pre-defined criteria. Studies presenting sensitivity and specificity values for the test were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled diagnosis odds ratios (DOR), area under the curve (AUC) and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) for exhaled VOC profiles were calculated; and publication bias, threshold effect and heterogeneity were estimated. Eighteen studies were selected for the qualitative analysis and 6 met the criteria for inclusion in the quantitative analysis. Mean (95%CI) pooled DOR, positive and negative LR were 49.3 (15.9 to 153.3), 5.86 (3.07 to 11.21) and 0.16 (0.10 to 0.26), respectively. The AUC value was 0.94. Only 3 of the 18 reviewed studies performed an external validation of the model using a different dataset. The results from the revised studies suggest that exhaled VOCs are promising biomarkers for asthma diagnosis and that several compounds, mainly alkanes, may be significantly associated with asthma inflammation. However, there are still various constraints associated with standardization and externally validated studies are needed to introduce exhaled VOCs profiling in a clinical scenario. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 26476125 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Leukotriene-Receptor Antagonists Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Asthma in Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Leukotriene-Receptor Antagonists Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Asthma in Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ann Intern Med. 2015 Sep 22;

Authors: Miligkos M, Bannuru RR, Alkofide H, Kher SR, Schmid CH, Balk EM

Abstract
Background: Leukotriene-receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are recommended as an alternative treatment in patients with mild asthma, but their effect compared with placebo is unclear.
Purpose: To determine the benefits and harms of LTRAs as monotherapy or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids compared with placebo in adults and adolescents with asthma.
Data Sources: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through June 2015.
Study Selection: Peer-reviewed, English-language, randomized, controlled trials in patients with asthma that reported the effect of LTRAs versus placebo on measures of asthma control.
Data Extraction: Three researchers extracted data on study population, interventions, outcome measures, and adverse events. One researcher assessed risk of bias.
Data Synthesis: Of the 2008 abstracts that were screened, 50 trials met eligibility criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses of 6 trials of LTRA monotherapy showed that LTRAs reduced the risk for an exacerbation (summary risk ratio [RR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.81]). In 4 trials of LTRAs as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids, the summary RR for exacerbation was 0.80 (CI, 0.60 to 1.07). Leukotriene-receptor antagonists either as monotherapy or add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids increased FEV1, whereas FEV1 percentage of predicted values was only improved in trials of LTRA monotherapy. Adverse event rates were similar in the intervention and comparator groups.
Limitation: Variation in definitions and reporting of outcomes, high risk of bias in some studies, heterogeneity of findings, possible selective outcome reporting bias, and inability to assess the effect of asthma severity on summary estimates.
Conclusion: Leukotriene-receptor antagonists as monotherapy improved asthma control compared with placebo, but which patients are most likely to respond to treatment with LTRAs remains unclear.
Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

PMID: 26390230 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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