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Hidden in Plain Sight: The Overlooked Role of Pulmonary Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Asthma.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Oct;55(4):465-466
Authors: Park GY, Christman JW
PMID: 27689794 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
View full post on pubmed: asthma
Condition: Bronchial Asthma
Interventions: Drug: Polyherbal; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Organic India
Not yet recruiting – verified September 2016
View full post on ClinicalTrials.gov: asthma | Studies received in the last 14 days
The Guardian |
Mother wants inquiry into role of pollution in daughter's asthma death
The Guardian A woman whose daughter died from an asthma attack wants an investigation to find out whether worsening air pollution in London contributed to the death. Ella Kissi-Debrah, nine, from Hither Green near the capital's busy south circular road, died in … |
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Columbus Dispatch |
Emergency Medicine: Gender must play a role in treating asthma
Columbus Dispatch There was no doubt that Carrie, who is obese and a smoker, was experiencing a shortness of breath, and that she had some scattered wheezing in her lungs consistent with an asthma attack. But her oxygen level was normal and she was able to speak in full … |
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Wilkes Barre Times-Leader |
To your health: Allergies and asthma can play a role in heart health for children
Wilkes Barre Times-Leader The study found that children with allergies, such as asthma and hay fever, may be at a higher risk for heart disease. Specifically, children with allergies were found to have about twice the rate of high blood pressure and high cholesterol, both risk … |
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Role of Local Eosinophilopoietic Processes in the Development of Airway Eosinophilia in Prednisone-dependent Severe Asthma.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2015 Dec 18;
Authors: Sehmi R, Smith SG, Kjarsgaard M, Radford K, Boulet LP, Lemiere C, Prazma CM, Ortega H, Martin JG, Nair P
Abstract
RATIONALE: In severe asthmatics with persistent airway eosinophilia, blockade of the eosinophilopoietin, interleukin-5 has significant steroid sparing effects and attenuates blood and sputum eosinophilia. The contribution of local maturational processes of progenitors within the airways relative to the recruitment of mature cells from the peripheral circulation to airway eosinophilia in these patients is not known. We hypothesize that local eosinophilopoietic processes may be the predominant process that drives persistent airway eosinophilia and corticosteroid requirement in severe asthmatics.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the number and growth potential of eosinophil-lineage committed progenitors (EoP) were assayed in 21 severe eosinophilic asthmatics, 19 mild asthmatics, 8 COPD patients and 8 normal subjects. The effect of anti-IL-5 treatment on mature eosinophils and EoP numbers was made in severe eosinophilic asthmatics who participated in a randomized clinical trial of mepolizumab (sub-study of a larger GSK sponsored global phase III trial, MEA115575) where subjects received mepolizumab (100 mg, n=9) or placebo (n=8), as six monthly subcutaneous injections.
RESULTS: Mature eosinophil and EoP numbers were significantly greater in the sputum of severe asthmatics compared with all other subject groups. In colony forming assays, EoP from blood of severe asthmatics demonstrated a greater response to IL-5 than mild asthmatics. Treatment of severe asthmatics with mepolizumab significantly attenuated blood eosinophils and increased EoP. There was however no significant treatment effect on mature eosinophils, sputum EoP numbers or the prednisone maintenance dose.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma have an exaggerated eosinophilopoeitic process in their airways. Treatment with 100 mg sub-cutaneous mepolizumab significantly attenuated systemic differentiation of eosinophils, but did not suppress local airway eosinophil differentiation to mature cells. Targeting IL-5 driven eosinophil differentiation locally within the lung maybe of relevance for optimal control of airway eosinophilia and asthma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 26685004 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
View full post on pubmed: asthma
Cyclooxygenase 2: its regulation, role and impact in airway inflammation.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2015 Dec 18;
Authors: Rumzhum NN, Ammit AJ
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2: official gene symbol – PTGS2) has long been regarded as playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in respiratory diseases including asthma. COX-2 can be rapidly and robustly expressed in response to a diverse range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Thus, increased levels of COX-2 protein and prostanoid metabolites serve as key contributors to pathobiology in respiratory diseases typified by dysregulated inflammation. But COX-2 products may not be all bad: prostanoids can exert anti-inflammatory/bronchoprotective functions in airways in addition to their pro-inflammatory actions. Herein we outline COX-2 regulation and review the diverse stimuli known to induce COX-2 in the context of airway inflammation. We discuss some of the positive and negative effects that COX-2/prostanoids can exert in in vitro and in vivo models of airway inflammation, and suggest that inhibiting COX-2 expression to repress airway inflammation may be too blunt an approach; because although it might reduce the unwanted effects of COX-2 activation, it may also negate the positive effects. Evidence suggests that prostanoids produced via COX-2 upregulation show diverse actions (and herein we focus on prostaglandin E2 as a key example); these can be either beneficial or deleterious and their impact on respiratory disease can be dictated by local concentration and specific interaction with individual receptors. We propose that understanding the regulation of COX-2 expression and associated receptor-mediated functional outcomes may reveal number of critical steps amenable to pharmacological intervention. These may prove invaluable in our quest towards future development of novel anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of airway diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 26685098 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
View full post on pubmed: asthma
| Related Articles |
A short review on structure and role of cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 4 as a treatment tool.
J Res Pharm Pract. 2015 Oct-Dec;4(4):175-181
Authors: Eskandari N, Mirmosayyeb O, Bordbari G, Bastan R, Yousefi Z, Andalib A
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known as a super-family of enzymes which catalyze the metabolism of the intracellular cyclic nucleotides, cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic-3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate that are expressed in a variety of cell types that can exert various functions based on their cells distribution. The PDE4 family has been the focus of vast research efforts over recent years because this family is considered as a prime target for therapeutic intervention in a number of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, and it should be used and researched by pharmacists. This is because the major isoform of PDE that regulates inflammatory cell activity is the cAMP-specific PDE, PDE4. This review discusses the relationship between PDE4 and its inhibitor drugs based on structures, cells distribution, and pharmacological properties of PDE4 which can be informative for all pharmacy specialists.
PMID: 26645022 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
View full post on pubmed: asthma
Lung Disease News |
Review Explores Role of Psychological Aspects in Asthma Control
Lung Disease News In a recent review published in the journal Asthma Research and Practice, a team of researchers explored the role of psychological factors associated to the unsuccessful fulfillment of optimal levels of asthma control. Regular treatment with inhaled … |
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Chron.com (blog) |
A role for policy: Asthma interventions require supportive policies for long …
Chron.com (blog) CHB-Asthma Asthma, a chronic lung disease with unclear causes, is characterized by excessive sensitivity of the lung airways to various triggers. Certain environmental triggers, such as be air pollution, exercise, allergens, cold weather, viral … |
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