A systems approach to understanding human rhinovirus and influenza virus infection.

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A systems approach to understanding human rhinovirus and influenza virus infection.

Virology. 2015 Oct 1;486:146-157

Authors: Kim TK, Bheda-Malge A, Lin Y, Sreekrishna K, Adams R, Robinson MK, Bascom CC, Tiesman JP, Isfort RJ, Gelinas R

Abstract
Human rhinovirus and influenza virus infections of the upper airway lead to colds and the flu and can trigger exacerbations of lower airway diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets are still needed to differentiate between the cold and the flu, since the clinical course of influenza can be severe while that of rhinovirus is usually more mild. In our investigation of influenza and rhinovirus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells, we used a systems approach to identify the temporally changing patterns of host gene expression from these viruses. After infection of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) with rhinovirus, influenza virus or co-infection with both viruses, we studied the time-course of host gene expression changes over three days. We modeled host responses to these viral infections with time and documented the qualitative and quantitative differences in innate immune activation and regulation.

PMID: 26437235 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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5 parish school systems labeled ‘asthma-friendly’ – Houma Courier

5 parish school systems labeled 'asthma-friendly'
Houma Courier
NEW ORLEANS — Five parish school systems have taught teachers and administrators how to recognize signs and symptoms of asthma and taken other measures to help students with the disease, says Bruce Greenstein, secretary of the Department of
DHH: 5 parish school systems 'asthma-friendly'NECN

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On-off pulsed oral drug-delivery systems: a possible tool for drug delivery in chronotherapy.

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On-off pulsed oral drug-delivery systems: a possible tool for drug delivery in chronotherapy.

Ther Deliv. 2011 Sep;2(9):1199-214

Authors: Tran TH, Lee BJ

Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate most body functions and are important factors to consider when administering drugs. The existence of circadian rhythms in nature and their influences on human biological systems have given rise to the concept of chronotherapy, which is the science of delivering drugs in a synchronized manner with the rhythm-dependent circadian variation inherent in the human body. The safety and efficacy of a drug can be improved by matching the peak plasma concentration during a 24 h period of the rhythms. An on-off pulsed (pulsatile or time-controlled) release drug-delivery system offers rapid and transient release; stepwise release; and the sustained release of a certain amount of drug within a short time period after a predetermined off-release period according to the circadian rhythm of disease states. These systems deliver the drug at the right time and at an appropriate dosage and are the best approach for chronotherapy. These systems show promise for the optimal therapy of chronic diseases such as asthma, hypertension, myocardial infarction and arthritis, which show a circadian dependency. Various technologies have been adopted to mimic circadian rhythms in physiological functions and diseases. This review focuses on the basic concept of circadian rhythm, chronotherapy and recent advances in the development of on-off pulsed oral drug-delivery systems for optimal therapy.

PMID: 22833913 [PubMed – in process]

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