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Horsetalk |
Viral clue found to asthma-like condition in horses
Horsetalk Melissa Mazan and her colleagues, writing in the journal, Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, noted that human rhinovirus was an important trigger for the development of asthma in humans. However, a similar role for respiratory viruses in horses … |
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Comparison of temporal transcriptomic profiles from immature lungs of two rat strains reveals a viral response signature associated with chronic lung dysfunction.
PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e112997
Authors: Hines EA, Szakaly RJ, Leng N, Webster AT, Verheyden JM, Lashua AJ, Kendziorski C, Rosenthal LA, Gern JE, Sorkness RL, Sun X, Lemanske RF
Abstract
Early life respiratory viral infections and atopic characteristics are significant risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. It is hypothesized that repeated respiratory viral infections might induce structural remodeling by interfering with the normal process of lung maturation; however, the specific molecular processes that underlie these pathological changes are not understood. To investigate the molecular basis for these changes, we used an established Sendai virus infection model in weanling rats to compare the post-infection transcriptomes of an atopic asthma susceptible strain, Brown Norway, and a non-atopic asthma resistant strain, Fischer 344. Specific to this weanling infection model and not described in adult infection models, Sendai virus in the susceptible, but not the resistant strain, results in morphological abnormalities in distal airways that persist into adulthood. Gene expression data from infected and control lungs across five time points indicated that specific features of the immune response following viral infection were heightened and prolonged in lungs from Brown Norway rats compared with Fischer 344 rats. These features included an increase in macrophage cell number and related gene expression, which then transitioned to an increase in mast cell number and related gene expression. In contrast, infected Fischer F344 lungs exhibited more efficient restoration of the airway epithelial morphology, with transient appearance of basal cell pods near distal airways. Together, these findings indicate that the pronounced macrophage and mast cell responses and abnormal re-epithelialization precede the structural defects that developed and persisted in Brown Norway, but not Fischer 344 lungs.
PMID: 25437859 [PubMed – in process]
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Related Articles |
Human coronaviruses: viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis.
Virus Res. 2014 Oct 1;
Authors: Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Stodola JK, Meessen-Pinard M, Talbot PJ
Abstract
Among the various respiratory viruses infecting human beings, coronaviruses are important pathogens, which usually infect the upper respiratory tract, where they are mainly associated with common colds. However, in more vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia, exacerbations of asthma, and various types of respiratory distress syndrome. The respiratory involvement of human coronaviruses has been clearly established since the 1960’s. Nevertheless, for almost three decades now, data reported in the scientific literature has also demonstrated that, like it was described for other human viruses, coronaviruses have neuroinvasive capacities since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system (CNS). Once there, infection of CNS cells (neurotropism) could lead to human health problems, such as encephalitis and long-term neurological diseases. Neuroinvasive coronaviruses could damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune responses that could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus-induced neuroimmunopathology) and/or viral replication, which directly induces damage to CNS cells (virus-induced neuropathology). Given all these properties, it has been suggested that these opportunistic human respiratory pathogens could be associated with the triggering or the exacerbation of neurologic diseases for which the etiology remains poorly understood. Herein, we present host and viral factors that participate in the regulation of the possible pathogenic processes associated with CNS infection by human coronaviruses and we try to decipher the intricate interplay between virus and host target cells in order to characterize their role in the virus life cycle as well as in the capacity of the cell to respond to viral invasion.
PMID: 25281913 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Viral Global News |
Asthma and Allergy Risk Lowered by Early Bacteria, Dirt and Dander Exposure
Viral Global News According to a new study, youngsters who are exposed to allergens and bacteria around their homes within a year after birth are less likely to suffer from allergies, breathing difficulties and asthma attacks later on in life. The study findings were … |
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Respiratory illness linked to viral infections in urban areas
VOXXI Children living in urban settings may be at a higher risk for asthma compared to those living in the suburbs. This is due to viral infections, indicates a study from Dr. James Gern of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his team of researchers … |
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Inner City Infants Have Different Patterns of Viral Respiratory Illness Than …
Infection Control Today Children living in low-income urban areas appear especially prone to developing asthma, possibly related to infections they acquire early in life. In a new study in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, researchers from the University of Wisconsin in … |
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Viral Infection may cause higher asthma risk for urban kids
WRBL MADISON, Wi. –. Children living in urban areas may be at a higher risk of developing asthma because of a viral infection. Researchers at the University of Wisconsion tested nearly 800 infants in inner cities and found they're more likely to be exposed … |
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Differences in viral illness patterns play a role in asthma development in …
News-Medical.net Children living in low-income urban areas appear especially prone to developing asthma, possibly related to infections they acquire early in life. In a new study in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, available online, researchers from the University … |
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Inner city infants have different patterns of viral respiratory illness than …
Science Codex Children living in low-income urban areas appear especially prone to developing asthma, possibly related to infections they acquire early in life. In a new study in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, available online, researchers from the University … |
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 gulfnews.com |
Recurring viral infection triggers asthma attack
Deccan Herald In a new finding, a husband-wife researcher duo of Indian origin claimed that repeated attacks by common virus known as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), could cripple a portion of a child's own immune system triggering asthma attacks in adulthood. Viral infections may cause asthma |
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