Posts

Posted on

How to Live Well with Asthma in the Post-COVID Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a tough time for everyone, especially for people with asthma. Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways and makes it hard to breathe. People with asthma may have more severe symptoms or complications if they get infected with COVID-19. That’s why it’s important to know how to manage your asthma and protect yourself from the virus.

But even as the pandemic seems to be winding down, the challenges are not over for people with asthma. Many people still live in fear of getting sick or infecting others. Many people still face stress, anxiety, depression, or isolation due to the pandemic. Many people still struggle with access to health care or vaccines.

That’s why we need to learn how to live well with asthma in the post-COVID era. In this blog post, we will share some insights from recent studies and some tips on how to cope with the physical and mental health challenges of asthma and COVID-19.

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the quality of life and treatment of asthma patients around the world. A recent study by Naglaa Youssef and colleagues surveyed 200 asthma patients in Egypt and found that 80% of them had uncontrolled asthma, meaning that their symptoms were frequent or severe and interfered with their daily activities. The most common factor that affected their quality of life was the limitation of activity, such as exercise, work, or socializing. Women reported a higher level of perceived threat from COVID-19 than men.

The study also found some positive changes in the patients’ health behaviors during the pandemic. More patients visited their clinician regularly and followed their treatment plan than before the pandemic. However, over 75% of the patients could not tell the difference between asthma and COVID-19 symptoms, which could lead to confusion or delay in seeking medical help.

The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic improved some aspects of asthma care, but also highlighted the need for better asthma control and education. Uncontrolled asthma is a major risk factor for poor quality of life and should be addressed by both patients and clinicians.

Another study by Valeria Saladino and colleagues explored the psychological and social effects of the pandemic on the population, mostly children, college students, and health professionals. They found that these groups were more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress due to the pandemic. They also found that social distancing and security measures affected the relationship among people and their perception of empathy toward others.

The study suggested that telepsychology and technological devices could be useful tools to decrease the negative effects of the pandemic and improve psychological treatment of patients online. Telepsychology is the delivery of psychological services using telecommunication technologies, such as phone calls, video calls, or online platforms. Telepsychology can offer benefits such as convenience, accessibility, affordability, and continuity of care.

Key takeaways

Here are some key takeaways on how to live well with asthma in the post-COVID era:

• Keep your asthma under control. Follow your asthma action plan, take your medications as prescribed, monitor your symptoms and peak flow, and avoid triggers that can worsen your asthma.

• Protect yourself from COVID-19. Follow the public health guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. Wear a mask when you are in public places, wash your hands frequently, practice social distancing, and get vaccinated when it’s available for you.

• Seek medical help when needed. Don’t hesitate to contact your clinician if you have any questions or concerns about your asthma or COVID-19. If you have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, or loss of taste or smell, get tested and isolate yourself until you get the results.

• Stay active and healthy. Physical activity can improve your lung function and overall health. Choose activities that are suitable for your fitness level and don’t trigger your asthma. Eat a balanced diet, drink plenty of water, and get enough sleep.

• Seek support and information. Living with asthma can be stressful and isolating, especially during a pandemic. Reach out to your family, friends, or support groups for emotional support. You can also visit the World Asthma Foundation website to learn more about asthma and how to manage it during the pandemic.

• Practice empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. It can help you to care for others, cooperate with them, and support them in times of need. Empathy can also motivate you to follow public health guidelines and get vaccinated to prevent the spread of the virus.

• Use telepsychology. Telepsychology is a convenient and effective way to access psychological services online. It can help you cope with stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health problems caused by the pandemic. It can also help you improve your relationship with yourself and others.

Conclusion

Asthma is a common chronic condition that can impair your quality of life if it’s not well controlled. The COVID-19 pandemic has added more challenges and risks for people with asthma. However, by following some simple steps, you can live well with asthma in the post-COVID era.

The World Asthma Foundation is a non-profit organization that aims to empower the world asthma community through education, collaboration, and advocacy. Our vision is to see a day where they can improve the quality of lifem for all asthmatics.
We do this by advocating for an improved understanding
of the causes, diagnostic tools, methodologies, precision therapies, prevention, sustainability in healthcare, and one day
a cure.

Together, we can makea difference for people living with asthma.

Posted on

Shedding Light on T2-Low Asthma: A Forgotten Frontier in Asthma Research

Introduction:

Welcome to the World Asthma Foundation blog, where we strive to inform and inspire our readers in support of our mission. Today, we turn our attention to a lesser-known aspect of asthma called T2-Low asthma. While much focus has been placed on T2-High asthma, which includes allergic and non-allergic inflammation, T2-Low asthma has remained in the shadows. This subtype encompasses various forms, such as paucigranulocytic asthma, Type 1 and Type-17 inflammation, and the neutrophilic form, which is particularly common in severe or refractory cases. By exploring the realm of T2-Low asthma, we hope to raise awareness, ignite discussion, and rally the asthma community towards much-needed research and innovation.

Subheading: Unraveling the Complexity of T2-Low Asthma

Understanding T2-Low Asthma:

T2-Low asthma comprises different subtypes, including paucigranulocytic asthma, Type 1 and Type-17 inflammation, and the prevalent neutrophilic form. While T2-Low asthma is generally associated with milder symptoms, it’s important to note that the neutrophilic form can result in severe or refractory cases. By recognizing the complexities of T2-Low asthma, we can gain a deeper understanding of the challenges it poses to patients and researchers alike.

The Need for Research:

Despite its impact on patients, T2-Low asthma has received limited attention in terms of biomarkers and effective treatments. The scarcity of research on T2-Low asthma hinders progress in developing targeted therapies and diagnostic tools. By emphasizing the need for increased research efforts, we can work towards improving the lives of individuals living with T2-Low asthma.

Subheading: Key Takeaways

Key Takeaways:

T2-Low asthma encompasses various subtypes, including paucigranulocytic asthma, Type 1 and Type-17 inflammation, and the neutrophilic form.
While T2-Low asthma is generally associated with milder symptoms, the neutrophilic form can result in severe or refractory cases.
Limited research has been conducted on T2-Low asthma, leading to a lack of biomarkers and effective treatments.
Raising awareness and supporting research on T2-Low asthma is crucial to unlocking innovative solutions and improving outcomes for patients.
The World Asthma Foundation is dedicated to addressing the gaps in T2-Low asthma research and advocating for the needs of affected individuals.
Conclusion:

As we conclude our exploration of T2-Low asthma, we invite you to take action and support the cause. T2-Low asthma remains an understudied and overlooked frontier in asthma research, leaving many patients without effective treatments or biomarkers. It is our collective responsibility to raise awareness, push for solutions, improve diagnostics, and ultimately strive for a cure. By joining hands with the World Asthma Foundation, we can make a significant impact on the lives of those affected by T2-Low asthma. Together, we can transform the future of asthma care and provide hope for a brighter tomorrow.

Posted on

Transforming Asthma Research: Unveiling the Link Between Laundry Detergents and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation

Introduction:

Welcome to the World Asthma Foundation’s latest blog post, where we delve into groundbreaking research that sheds light on a previously unknown connection between laundry detergents and eosinophilic airway inflammation. Asthma affects millions worldwide, and our mission at the World Asthma Foundation is to inform and inspire, driving progress in the understanding and management of this condition. In this article, we explore a recent study by Kyoko Saito et al., which uncovers the mechanisms behind laundry detergents’ impact on airway health, aligning with our commitment to improving the lives of severe asthmatics.

Investigating the Impact of Laundry Detergents on Airway Inflammation

Summary:

In this groundbreaking study, researchers investigated the direct effects of laundry detergents and surfactants on airway inflammation. The findings demonstrated a significant correlation between the use of certain detergents and the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation, along with the activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Moreover, the study identified the involvement of IL-33 expression and oxidative stress in this process. These discoveries hold immense potential for advancing our understanding of asthma triggers and guiding the development of targeted interventions.

Key Takeaways:

Laundry detergents and surfactants have been found to directly induce eosinophilic airway inflammation in vivo, shedding light on a previously unknown asthma risk factor.
Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) plays a pivotal role in the development of detergent-induced airway inflammation.
Increased IL-33 expression in airway epithelial cells, triggered by laundry detergents, is a key contributor to the inflammatory response.
Oxidative stress has been identified as a mediator in the detergent-induced airway inflammation, offering potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.
The presence of detergent residues in house dust further emphasizes the relevance of this study, highlighting the daily exposure of individuals to these triggers.Conclusion:

The World Asthma Foundation is proud to share this groundbreaking research, which uncovers a new understanding of the impact of laundry detergents on airway inflammation. By illuminating the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, we take a significant step forward in the fight against asthma. This study reinforces the importance of our mission to inform, inspire, and engage severe asthmatics, rallying them to join our cause. Together, we can drive further research, advocate for improved asthma management strategies, and make a tangible difference in the lives of millions.

Posted on

Clean Air for Better Health: World Asthma Day and Indoor Air Quality

As we celebrate World Asthma Day, it is important to acknowledge the risks associated with asthma and the benefits of having clean air. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a condition that causes the airways in the lungs to become inflamed and narrow, making it difficult to breathe. While outdoor air pollution has been identified as a major risk factor for asthma, the air quality inside our homes and workplaces can also have a significant impact on our health.

To raise awareness about the importance of indoor air quality, the TimeToClearTheAir.com campaign aims to educate people on the simple steps they can take to improve the air quality inside their homes and workplaces. One of the key messages of the campaign is that clean air is essential for good health and well-being.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), indoor air pollution is responsible for over 4 million premature deaths every year. Indoor air pollution can be caused by a variety of factors, including cooking, cleaning, smoking, and the use of certain household products. To achieve clean indoor air, there are several steps that individuals and households can take.

One of the most important steps is to eliminate sources of indoor air pollution. This can include switching to non-toxic cleaning products, using natural air fresheners, and avoiding smoking indoors. In addition, it is important to ensure that ventilation systems are functioning properly and to regularly clean air filters.

Monitoring indoor air quality is also crucial in identifying sources of pollution and taking steps to eliminate them. This can be done using a variety of devices, including air quality monitors and carbon monoxide detectors. Seeking professional help when necessary, such as hiring a professional to assess indoor air quality or installing an air purification system, is also important.

Air pollution is a major risk factor for asthma, and it can trigger asthma symptoms or exacerbate existing asthma. The most common sources of air pollution include traffic emissions, industrial activities, and burning fossil fuels. But indoor air pollution can also contribute to the problem, as allergens, pet dander, mold, and tobacco smoke can all cause asthma symptoms.

Clean the Air for World Asthma Day is a call-to-action that emphasizes the importance of reducing air pollution for the health of people with asthma and the general population. To Clean the Air for World Asthma Day, we need to take action on multiple fronts. One of the most important steps is to reduce outdoor air pollution, which requires government policies and action from industry to reduce emissions.

Individuals can also take steps to reduce their exposure to air pollution and improve their indoor air quality. This includes reducing the use of products that emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), using natural cleaning products, and avoiding smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke. Ventilating indoor spaces properly and regularly cleaning air filters can also help improve indoor air quality.

In addition to these actions, individuals can support policies and organizations that promote clean air. This includes advocating for clean energy and transportation policies, supporting asthma research and education, and participating in local community initiatives to reduce air pollution.

In conclusion, clean air is essential for good health and well-being. By taking simple steps to improve indoor air quality and advocating for policies that reduce air pollution, we can reduce the risk of respiratory problems, including asthma, and enhance our overall quality of life. The TimeToClearTheAir.com campaign and Clean the Air for World Asthma Day are both valuable resources for individuals and households seeking to improve indoor air quality and promote good health.

Posted on

Infectious Asthma: Understanding the Complex Interplay between Infections and Asthma

Greetings to Members and Subscribers of the World Asthma Foundation

As a chronic respiratory disease, asthma affects millions of individuals worldwide, causing inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to breathing difficulties, coughing, and wheezing. Asthma can have a significant impact on individuals and their families, as well as the broader society, due to the high cost of treatment and the potential for reduced quality of life. Recent research has explored the relationship between infections and asthma, with a focus on the role of infections in exacerbating asthma symptoms. The World Asthma Foundation aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest research related to infections and asthma, and to explore potential strategies for managing and preventing infection-related asthma.

Introduction

While the exact causes of asthma are not fully understood, researchers have identified several factors that can contribute to the development and exacerbation of the disease, including infections. Infections can be caused by a range of pathogens, including respiratory viruses, bacterial infections, and fungi, among others. Although the relationship between infections and asthma has been widely studied, a fundamental question that remains to be addressed is whether infections may be responsible for creating the asthmatic predisposition in the first place. Understanding the relationship between infections and asthma is critical for the management and prevention of asthma.

Infectious Agents and Asthma

Recent studies have shown that various infectious agents may contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma. Respiratory viral infections, particularly those caused by rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, have been linked to the development of childhood asthma. In addition, certain bacterial infections, such as those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, may also contribute to the development of asthma.

More recent research has also implicated Chlamydia pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans as potential infectious agents linked to the development and exacerbation of asthma.

Chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with a specific type of asthma, known as Chlamydia pneumoniae-mediated asthma. Staphylococcus aureus has been linked to the development of severe asthma, particularly in patients with atopic dermatitis. Candida albicans has been linked to the development and exacerbation of asthma, particularly in patients with severe asthma or fungal sensitization.

Antibiotics and Asthma

In addition to preventive strategies, such as avoidance and good hygiene practices, antibiotics may also have a role in the management of severe asthma. Azithromycin, an antibiotic, has been shown to be effective in reducing asthma exacerbations. However, the exact mechanism of action is not established, so it is unknown whether azithromycin works vis its antibiotic effects or because of some non-infectious anti-inflamatory activity. While most asthma specialists believe that azithromycin works because it is an anti-inflammatory, recent research suggests that it may be due to its antimicrobial effects against chronic atypical respiratory infections such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is important to note that a growing amount of research reflects that antibiotic use can contribute to dysbiosis and the development of asthma, and appropriate antibiotic use is necessary to prevent this potential negative impact on the microbiome.

Antifungal Therapy and Asthma

Fungi, particularly Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, have been implicated in the development and exacerbation of asthma. Fungal sensitization has been associated with more severe asthma and poorer asthma control. Some studies have shown that antifungal therapy may be effective in reducing asthma symptoms and improving lung function in individuals with fungal sensitization. However, the evidence for antifungal therapy in asthma is limited and further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of this treatment. Moreover, antifungal therapy raises issues about efficacy and resistance, as improper use of antifungal medications can contribute to the development of drug-resistant fungi. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate use of antifungal therapy are necessary to prevent the development of drug-resistant fungi and ensure the safe and effective management of asthma.

Microbiome and Asthma

Recent research has also explored the role of dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome, in the development and exacerbation of asthma. The microbiome may influence asthma through several potential mechanisms, including modulation of the immune system and production of metabolites. While microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, may have potential as treatments for asthma, it is important to note that overuse of antibiotics can contribute to dysbiosis and the development of asthma. Therefore, appropriate antibiotic use is essential to prevent antibiotic overuse and the potential negative impact on the microbiome. Furthermore, the exact mechanisms by which dysbiosis influences asthma are not fully understood and require further research.

Challenges and Barriers

While significant progress has been made in understanding the relationship between infections and asthma, challenges and barriers remain. The lack of well-established classification and terminology for different types of infectious asthma is one such challenge. Further research is needed to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between infections and asthma, including the identification of specific types of infections that are most likely to trigger asthma exacerbations and the potential role of infections in creating the asthmatic predisposition.

Key Takeaway

  • Infections, particularly respiratory infections, have been linked to the development and exacerbation of asthma. Future research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between infections and asthma.
  • Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome, may contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma.
  • Overuse of antibiotics can contribute to dysbiosis and the development of asthma. Therefore, appropriate antibiotic use is essential to prevent antibiotic overuse and the potential negative impact on the microbiome.
  • Fungi, particularly Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, have also been implicated in the development and exacerbation of asthma.
  • Antifungal therapy may be effective in reducing asthma symptoms and improving lung function in individuals with fungal sensitization, but further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of this treatment.
  • Improper use of antifungal medications can contribute to the development of drug-resistant fungi, so accurate diagnosis and appropriate use of antifungal therapy are necessary to prevent the development of drug-resistant fungi and ensure the safe and effective management of asthma.
  • The exact mechanisms by which infections, dysbiosis, and fungi influence asthma are not fully understood and require further research.
  • It is essential to accurately diagnose and manage asthma to reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve quality of life.
  • This includes identifying and managing potential triggers, such as infections and dysbiosis.
  • Collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and patients is necessary to advance our understanding of the complex interplay between infections, dysbiosis, fungi, and asthma and develop effective strategies for managing this challenging disease.

Call to Action: Improving Diagnostic Tools and Methodology for Asthma

While significant progress has been made in understanding the relationship between infections and asthma, there are still challenges and barriers to identifying and managing the infectious agents that contribute to asthma development and exacerbation. One of the biggest challenges is the lack of well-established diagnostic tools and methodology for identifying the specific types of infections that are most likely to trigger asthma exacerbations.

Therefore, the World Asthma Foundation must call for increased research into developing and validating new diagnostic tools and methodology for infectious asthma. This research should focus on identifying new biomarkers that can be used to distinguish between different types of infectious asthma, and on developing new diagnostic tests that are highly sensitive and specific for detecting these biomarkers.

In addition, the World Asthma Foundation should advocate for increased funding for research into infectious asthma, including research into the mechanisms by which infectious agents contribute to asthma development and exacerbation, and the potential role of dysbiosis and the microbiome in infectious asthma.

Improved diagnostic tools and methodology for infectious asthma will be critical for developing more effective strategies for managing and preventing this challenging disease. By supporting research in this area, the World Asthma Foundation can make a significant impact on improving the lives of individuals living with asthma.

Future reports will delve further into the challenges and opportunities related to developing improved diagnostic tools and methodology for infectious asthma, highlighting new research and potential strategies for addressing this critical need.

Let’s work together to improve our understanding of infectious asthma and develop better ways to manage and prevent it.

Conclusion

Asthma is a complex respiratory disease with various factors that can contribute to its development and exacerbation, including infections.

A comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between infections and asthma is critical for the management and prevention of asthma.

Further research is needed to develop more effective strategies for managing and preventing infection-related asthma.

As the World Asthma Foundation, it is essential to continue supporting and encouraging research into the relationship between infections and asthma, to improve the lives of those living with asthma.

References

Darveaux JI, Lemanske RF Jr. Infection-mediated asthma: etiology, mechanisms and treatment options, with focus on
Chlamydia pneumoniae and macrolides. Respir Res. 2002;3:14. doi:10.1186/rr172

Infection-mediated asthma: etiology, mechanisms and treatment options, with focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae and macrolideviruses
Wilmore C. Webley & David L. Hahn https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-017-0584-z

Jackson DJ, Johnston SL. The role of viruses in acute exacerbations of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(6):1178-1187. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.021

Huang YJ, Marsland BJ, Bunyavanich S, et al. The microbiome in allergic disease: Current understanding and future opportunities-2017 PRACTALL document of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(4):1099-1110. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.007

Johnston SL. Azithromycin for acute asthma: the AMASE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;316(17):1711-1713. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16302

Posted on

“TIME TO CLEAR THE AIR SYMPOSIUM” TO ADDRESS INDOOR AIR POLLUTION MAY 3 – 4, 2023. – FREE

WORLD ASTHMA FOUNDATION TO HOST “TIME TO CLEAR THE AIR SYMPOSIUM” TO ADDRESS INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH

The World Asthma Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of people living with asthma, is proud to announce the “Time to Clear the Air Virtual Symposium is underwritten by the foundation to raise awareness about the impact of air pollution on human health.

The symposium, scheduled for May 3-4, 2023, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern Time, will bring together experts from academia, government, and the private sector to discuss strategies for improving air quality and protecting human health. The event is FREE to attend and open to the public. Registration is required.

Air pollution is a major public health threat, responsible for over 6.5 million deaths globally each year, according to the World Health Organization.

The quality of air we breathe has a major impact on respiratory and cardiovascular health, as well as other diseases spread by air. The World Asthma Foundation believes that raising awareness about the impact of air pollution is essential to improving public health and well-being.

The ‘Time to Clear the Air Symposium is an opportunity for experts and individuals alike to come together and discuss strategies for improving air quality,” said Alan Gray, Director of the World Asthma Foundation. “We are thrilled to underwrite this event and look forward to engaging with stakeholders from across the globe.”

The symposium will cover a range of topics related to air pollution, including:

Clean air strategies for homes and offices
The impact of air pollution on vulnerable populations

The latest research on air pollution and health

The role of legislation and innovation in improving air quality

Strategies for mitigating the risk of airborne contaminants, including viruses and bacteria

“The symposium will provide an opportunity to learn about cutting-edge research and strategies for improving air quality,” said Alan Gray, a speaker at the symposium. “We hope that attendees will come away with a deeper understanding of the impact of air pollution on health, and with practical strategies for improving air quality in their own lives and communities.”

The “Time to Clear the Air Symposium” is underwritten by the World Asthma Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of people living with asthma worldwide.

For more information about the symposium, including registration details, please visit the World Asthma Foundation’s event at TimeToClearTheAir.com

About the World Asthma Foundation:
The World Asthma Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of people living with asthma worldwide. Our mission is to raise awareness about asthma, support research into new treatments and technologies, and provide resources and support for individuals living with asthma and their families.

Posted on

Asthma Research Participants Wanted

Dear World Asthma Foundation friends, the following message is from a research company interested in connecting.

Hello,

My name is Maggie, and I am with LaGrippe Research, a market research firm specializing in healthcare. We are currently inviting Parents of children aged 6-17 diagnosed with Asthma as well as teens aged 12-17 diagnosed to participate in our upcoming discussion on the topic of asthma and wanted to see if you would be interested in participating. This project’s purpose is to learn more about the adolescent patient journey with Asthma from the parent/caregiver perspective and the child. Participants must live in the USA.

There are a few ways in which you and/or your child can participate:

Parent only web assisted telephone discussion – 75-minute one-on-one call + 20-minute pre-task = $175

Paired webcam interview to include both you and your child – 90 minutes + 20-minute pre-task each = $300

For children ages 12-17 – 90-minute webcam mini focus group + 20-minute pre-task $150

If this sounds like something you might be interested in, please fill out our preliminary questions online here: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/9DY7TRR

Once this is done, we will call you to go over a few additional items, as well as discuss which format you and/or your child which to participate in.

If you have any questions, please contact Maggie at 847-373-4104 or email maggie@lagripperesearch.com

Maggie Barber
Director
847-373-4104
www.lagripperesearch.com

Posted on

A Critical Window In Early Life for Microbiome and Asthma

disruption of the microbiome in the gut and lung. Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay

It may seem strange, but disruption of the gut and lung microbiomes, (microorganisms found in a specific environment) is deeply rooted in the Asthma conundrum according to a growing number of medical researchers. There is a critical window in early life that affects the life a baby will live.

Disruption of the Microbiome in the Gut and Lung link to Asthma?

Word from the editor: This is part of a series of articles on the Microbiome and Asthma. The World Asthma Foundation, dedicated to Defeating Asthma aims to unpack a variety of issues including the clinical evidence that connects the Microbiome and Asthma while describing the mechanisms of this disease

This disruption referred to as “Dysbiosis” by medical experts is an imbalance between the types of organism present in a person’s natural microflora, especially that of the gut, thought to contribute to a range of conditions of ill health, including asthma.

Quote

Researchers at the Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Medical University Vienna and the Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University also located in Vienna, Austria have published:

* What causes dysbiosis?

Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome may lead to increased severity of asthmatic symptoms, including airway inflammation
* Treatment with probiotics can reduce inflammation and improve asthma control
* Gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability which allows inflammatory molecules to enter the blood stream – this triggers an immune response that leads to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation
* Probiotic administration reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines in circulation by increasing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-22 from T regulatory cells (Tregs) within the gastrointestinal tract* There are many different types of bacteria found in both the gut and lungs – each has its own set effects on health; some promote immunity while others promote allergy responses or other inflammatory conditions like asthma

Key Findings

  • humans are mostly microbial (in terms of numbers of cells and genes)
  • immune dysfunction and misregulated inflammation are pivotal in the majority of NCDs
  • microbiome status affects early immune education and risk of NCDs
  • microbiome status affects the risk of certain infections.

Critical Window in Early Life

  • The lungs are not sterile, as doctors once thought
  • Disruption in gut and lung microbiomes can lead to asthma
  • Probiotics can reverse dysbiosis and reduce inflammation
  • There is a critical window in early life that points to whole-of-life

What You Need to Know

  1. The gut microbiome is a key player in asthma
  2. Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome may lead to severity of asthma symptoms
  3. Probiotics can reduce inflammation and improve asthma control
  4. Gut dysbiosis allows inflammatory molecules into the bloodstream, triggering immune response
  5. Probiotics reduce inflammation by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines
  6. Some gut and lung bacteria promote immunity, others promote allergy and inflammation
  7. There is a critical window in early life

disruption of the microbiome in the gut and lung. Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay
Disruption of the microbiome in the gut and lung. Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay

Posted on

Understanding and Managing Severe Asthma: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Severe asthma is a type of asthma that is difficult to control and can have a significant impact on a person’s daily life. Symptoms of severe asthma can include frequent exacerbations (attacks), high levels of asthma symptoms, and a need for high doses of medication to manage symptoms. Causes of severe asthma can include allergies, exposure to environmental triggers, and genetics. Treatment for severe asthma typically includes a combination of long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, as well as quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations. In some cases, additional treatments such as biologic medications or immunomodulators may be needed to manage symptoms.

Types of severe Asthma

There are several subtypes of severe asthma that can be characterized based on specific symptoms and causes. These include:

It’s important to note that some people may have characteristics of more than one subtype of severe asthma. It’s important to work with a healthcare professional to identify your specific subtype of asthma and develop a treatment plan that works for you.

Allergic Asthma

Allergic asthma is a subtype of severe asthma that is caused by an allergic reaction to a specific trigger, such as dust mites, mold, animal dander, pollen, or certain foods. The allergens cause the immune system to overreact and release chemicals, such as histamine, which can lead to inflammation and narrowing of the airways.

  1. Allergic asthma: characterized by an allergic reaction to a specific trigger, such as dust mites, mold, or pet dander.
  2. Non-allergic asthma: characterized by symptoms that are not caused by an allergic reaction, but rather by triggers such as viral infections, cold air, or exercise.
  3. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD): characterized by severe asthma symptoms that are triggered by the use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  4. Obesity-related asthma: characterized by asthma symptoms that are made worse by being overweight or obese.
  5. Occupational asthma: characterized by symptoms caused by exposure to specific triggers in the workplace, such as chemicals or dusts.
  6. Bronchial thermoplasty: characterized by symptoms caused by structural changes in the airways, such as thickening of the muscle layers that can make it harder to breathe.
  7. Eosinophilic asthma: characterized by a high number of white blood cells called eosinophils in the airways.

Symptoms of allergic asthma can include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity
  • Rapid breathing

Allergic asthma is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as skin prick test or blood test (specific IgE) to determine the specific allergens to which an individual is sensitive.

Treatment for allergic asthma typically includes:

  • Avoiding exposure to allergens as much as possible
  • Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators
  • Quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations, such as short-acting bronchodilators
  • Allergen-specific immunotherapy (allergy shots) to help reduce sensitivity to specific allergens over time.

It’s important to note that many people with allergic asthma also have other allergic conditions, such as hay fever, eczema, or hives. They may have benefit from a comprehensive allergy management plan, including allergy testing and immunotherapy.

Non allergic asthma

Non-allergic asthma is a subtype of severe asthma that is not caused by an allergic reaction, but rather by other triggers such as viral infections, cold air, exercise, stress, or exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants. The exact cause of non-allergic asthma is not known, but it is thought to be related to changes in the airways that make them more sensitive to certain triggers.

Symptoms of non-allergic asthma can include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity
  • Rapid breathing

Non-allergic asthma is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as pulmonary function test, to rule out other causes of asthma like infections or structural changes.

Treatment for non-allergic asthma typically includes:

  • Identifying and avoiding triggers as much as possible
  • Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators
  • Quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations, such as short-acting bronchodilators
  • Monitoring of symptoms and lung function regularly

It’s important to note that non-allergic asthma and allergic asthma can have similar symptoms and the distinction between the two subtypes can be difficult. A healthcare professional will work with you to identify the specific triggers of your asthma and create an individualized treatment plan.

Mucus Plugs and Asthma

Mucus plugs, also known as bronchial plugs, can be a complication of asthma. Mucus plugs are clumps of thick, sticky mucus that can block the airways and make it harder to breathe. They can form in the airways of people with asthma as a result of inflammation and increased mucus production in the lungs.

Symptoms of mucus plugs in asthma can include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity
  • Rapid breathing
  • Wet or gurgling sounds when breathing
  • Increased mucus production and difficulty clearing mucus from the lungs

Mucus plugs can be caused by a number of factors, including exposure to triggers such as allergens, viral infections, or pollutants, as well as by changes in the airways that make them more sensitive to certain triggers.

Treatment for mucus plugs in asthma typically includes:

If you have asthma and are experiencing symptoms of mucus plugs, it’s important to speak with your healthcare professional to develop an individualized treatment plan. In some cases, additional treatments such as biologic medications or immunomodulators may be needed to manage symptoms.

Wheezing and Severe Asthma

Wheezing is a common symptom of severe asthma, as well as other types of asthma. It is a whistling or whistling sound that can be heard when breathing, especially during exhalation. Wheezing is caused by narrowed or obstructed airways, which can make it harder to breathe.

In severe asthma, wheezing can be a sign of increased inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which can lead to difficulty breathing and increased risk of exacerbations. The increased airflow resistance leads to increased air movement velocity, generating the wheezing sound.

Symptoms of severe asthma can include:

  • Frequent exacerbations (attacks)
  • High levels of asthma symptoms, such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing
  • A need for high doses of medication to manage symptoms
  • Increased risk of hospitalization
  • Difficulty with daily activities and impairment of quality of life

Treatment for severe asthma typically includes a combination of long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, as well as quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations. In some cases, additional treatments such as biologic medications or immunomodulators may be needed to manage symptoms.

It’s important to work closely with a healthcare professional to develop an individualized treatment plan for severe asthma. This may include regular monitoring of symptoms and lung function, as well as a plan to manage exacerbations and prevent future attacks.

  • Identifying and avoiding triggers as much as possible
  • Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators
  • Quick-relief medications to be taken during exacerbations, such as short-acting bronchodilators
  • Chest physical therapy, such as chest clapping and vibration, to help remove mucus from the lungs
  • Monitoring of symptoms and lung function regularly
Posted on

Food Dye and Inflamation

Common food dye can trigger inflammatory processes, say university researchers

A recent university study funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research reflects that long-term consumption of Allura Red food dye can be a potential trigger of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and potentially other inflammatory diseases processes as well.

Researchers using experimental animal models of IBD found that continual exposure to Allura Red AC harms gut health and promotes inflammation. Researchers using experimental animal models of IBD found that continual exposure to Allura Red AC harms gut health and promotes inflammation.

‘This further understanding will benefit Asthmatics as well,’ said Alan Gray, Director at the World Asthma Foundation . The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to a diverse ecosystem of microbes, known collectively as the microbiota. Among its many roles, the gut microbiota regulates the immune system and protects against harmful pathogens. In fact, the largest part of the immune system, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, is found in the gut. This network of immune cells and tissues interacts closely with the gut microbiota, influencing inflammation throughout the body including the lungs.

The dye directly disrupts gut barrier function and increases the production of serotonin, a hormone/neurotransmitter found in the gut, which subsequently alters gut microbiota composition leading to increased susceptibility to colitis.

Khan said Allura Red (also called FD&C Red 40 and Food Red 17), is a common ingredient in candies, soft drinks, dairy products and some cereals. The dye is used to add colour and texture to foodstuffs, often to attract children.

The use of synthetic food dyes such as Allura Red has increased significantly over the last several decades, but there has been little earlier study of these dyes’ effects on gut health. Khan and his team published their findings in Nature Communications. Yun Han (Eric) Kwon, who recently completed PhD in Khan’s laboratory, is first author.

“This study demonstrates significant harmful effects of Allura Red on gut health and identifies gut serotonin as a critical factor mediating these effects. These findings have important implication in the prevention and management of gut inflammation,” said Khan, the study’s senior author, a professor of the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and a principal investigator of Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute.

“What we have found is striking and alarming, as this common synthetic food dye is a possible dietary trigger for IBDs. This research is a significant advance in alerting the public on the potential harms of food dyes that we consume daily,” he said.

“The literature suggests that the consumption of Allura Red also affects certain allergies, immune disorders and behavioural problems in children, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.”

Khan said that IBDs are serious chronic inflammatory conditions of the human bowel that affect millions of people worldwide. While their exact causes are still not fully understood, studies have shown that dysregulated immune responses, genetic factors, gut microbiota imbalances, and environmental factors can trigger these conditions.

In recent years there has been significant progress in identifying susceptibility genes and understanding the role of the immune system and host microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBDs. However, similar advances in defining environmental risk factors have lagged, he said.

Khan said that environmental triggers for IBDs include the typical Western diet, which includes processed fats, red and processed meats, sugar and a lack of fibre. He added that the Western diet and processed food also includes large amounts of various additives and dyes.

He added that the study suggests a link between a commonly used food dye and IBDs and warrants further exploration between food dyes and IBDs at experimental, epidemiological and clinical levels.