Tag: effect

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Effect of different helminth extracts on the development of asthma in mice: the influence of early-life exposure and the role of IL-10 response.

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Effect of different helminth extracts on the development of asthma in mice: the influence of early-life exposure and the role of IL-10 response.

Exp Parasitol. 2015 Jun 17;

Authors: Pitrez PM, Gualdi LP, Barbosa GL, Sudbrack S, Ponzi D, Cao RG, Silva AC, Machado DC, Jones MH, Stein RT, Graeff-Teixeira C

Abstract
It is not currently clear whether different parasites have distinct effects on the airway inflammatory response in asthma and whether exposure in early life to helminths have a stronger impact in a potential inhibitory effect on asthma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exposure to different helminth extracts on the development of allergic pulmonary response in mice, including early-life exposure. Different helminth extracts (Angiostrongylus costaricensis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Ascaris lumbricoides) were studied in female adult BALB/c and C57BL/6 IL-10-deficient mice in a protocol of murine asthma, injected intraperitoneally in different periods of exposure (early, pre-sensitization and post-sensitization). Cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) from lung tissue, cytokine levels from BAL/spleen cell cultures, and lung histology were analyzed. Airway cellular influx induced by OVA was significantly inhibited by extracts of A. cantonensis and A. lumbricoides. Extracts of A. lumbricoides and A. costaricensis led to a significant reduction of IL-5 in BAL (p<0.001). Only the exposure to A. lumbricoides led to an increased production of IL-10 in the lungs (p<0.001). In IL-10-deficient mice exposed to A. costaricensis pre-sensitization, eosinophil counts and IL-5 levels in BAL and EPO in lung tissue were significantly reduced. In the early exposure to A. cantonensis, lung inflammation was clearly inhibited. In conclusion, different helminth extracts inhibit allergic lung inflammation in mice. IL-10 may not play a central role in some helminth-host interactions. Early exposure to helminth extracts could be a potential strategy to explore primary prevention in asthma.

PMID: 26093162 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of Common Comparators in Indirect Comparison Analysis of the Effectiveness of Different Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Asthma.

Effect of Common Comparators in Indirect Comparison Analysis of the Effectiveness of Different Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Asthma.

PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120836

Authors: Kunitomi T, Hashiguchi M, Mochizuki M

Abstract
PURPOSE: Indirect comparison (IC) and direct comparison (DC) of four inhaled corticosteroid (CS) treatments for asthma were conducted, and the factors that may influence the results of IC were investigated. Among those factors, we focused on the effect of common comparator selection in the treatment of asthma, where little control group bias or placebo effect is expected.
METHOD: IC and DC were conducted using the change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1(L)) as an outcome parameter. Differences between inhaled CS were evaluated to compare the results of IC and DC. As a common comparator for IC, placebo (PLB) or mometasone (MOM) was selected. Whether the results of IC are affected by the selection of a common comparator and whether the results of IC and DC are consistent were examined.
RESULTS: 23 articles were identified by a literature search. Our results showed that ICs yielded results similar to DCs in the change from baseline of FEV1(L). No statistically significant difference was observed in inconsistency analysis between ICs and DCs. It was clinically and statistically confirmed that ICs with PLB and those with MOM did not differ in terms of the results of FEV1(L) analysis in this dataset.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ICs among inhaled CS can deliver results consistent with those of DCs when using the change from baseline in FEV1(L) as an outcome parameter in asthma patients. It was also shown that using an active comparator has similar results if there is no effect of control group bias. It should be emphasized that the investigation of control group bias is a key factor in conducting relevant ICs so that an appropriate common comparator can be selected.

PMID: 25793900 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide on lung function in urban environment.

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Effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide on lung function in urban environment.

Environ Res. 2015 Feb 12;138C:8-16

Authors: Cibella F, Cuttitta G, Della Maggiore R, Ruggieri S, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, Bucchieri S, Drago G, Melis MR, La Grutta S, Viegi G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: High levels of indoor NO2 are associated with increased asthma symptoms and decreased expiratory peak flows in children. We investigated the association of exposure to domestic indoor NO2, objectively measured in winter and spring, with respiratory symptoms and lung function in a sample of adolescents from a southern Mediterranean area.
METHODS: From a large school population sample (n=2150) participating in an epidemiological survey in the urban area of the City of Palermo (southern Italy), a sub-sample of 303 adolescents was selected which furnished an enriched sample for cases of current asthma. All subjects were evaluated by a health questionnaire, skin prick tests and spirometry. One-week indoor NO2 monitoring of their homes was performed by diffusive sampling during spring and again during winter.
RESULTS: We found that about 25% of subjects were exposed to indoor NO2 levels higher than the 40µg/m(3) World Health Organization limit, during both spring and winter. Moreover, subjects exposed to the highest indoor NO2 concentrations had increased frequency of current asthma (p=0.005), wheeze episodes in the last 12 months (p<0.001), chronic phlegm (p=0.013), and rhinoconjunctivitis (p=0.008). Finally, subjects with a personal history of wheeze ever had poorer respiratory function (FEF25-75%, p=0.01) when exposed to higher indoor NO2 concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS: Home exposure to high indoor NO2 levels frequently occurs in adolescents living in a southern Mediterranean urban area and is significantly associated with the risks for increased frequency of both respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function.

PMID: 25682253 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Effect of Local Infiltration Anesthesia With Ropivacaine on Pain After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Condition:   Osteoarthritis, Hip
Interventions:   Procedure: local infiltration anesthesia using Ropivacaine and Epinephrine;   Procedure: local infiltration anesthesia using saline;   Procedure: Multimodal analgesic regimen
Sponsor:   St. Olavs Hospital
Completed – verified February 2015

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Living In The Inner City May Have No Effect On Asthma Development – Design & Trend


Design & Trend

Living In The Inner City May Have No Effect On Asthma Development
Design & Trend
A new study has found evidence that contradicts decades of assumptions that living in the city causes asthma. Being poor, black or Puerto Rican, however, has more effect on whether a child develops asthma, according to researchers at John Hopkins in …

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