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Human Metapneumovirus Infection is Associated with Severe Respiratory Disease in Preschool Children with History of Prematurity.

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Human Metapneumovirus Infection is Associated with Severe Respiratory Disease in Preschool Children with History of Prematurity.

Pediatr Neonatol. 2015 May 23;

Authors: Pancham K, Sami I, Perez GF, Huseni S, Kurdi B, Rose MC, Rodriguez-Martinez CE, Nino G

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory pathogen of the family Paramyxoviridae, the same family as that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Premature children are at high risk of severe RSV infections, however, it is unclear whether HMPV infection is more severe in hospitalized children with a history of severe prematurity.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical respiratory presentation of all polymerase chain reaction-confirmed HMPV infections in preschool-age children (?5 years) with and without history of severe prematurity (<32 weeks gestation). Respiratory distress scores were developed to examine the clinical severity of HMPV infections. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from reviewing electronic medical records.
RESULTS: A total of 571 preschool children were identified using polymerase chain reaction-confirmed viral respiratory tract infection during the study period. HMPV was identified as a causative organism in 63 cases (11%). Fifty-eight (n = 58) preschool-age children with HMPV infection were included in this study after excluding those with significant comorbidities. Our data demonstrated that 32.7% of children admitted with HMPV had a history of severe prematurity. Preschool children with a history of prematurity had more severe HMPV disease as illustrated by longer hospitalizations, new or increased need for supplemental O2, and higher severity scores independently of age, ethnicity, and history of asthma.
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that HMPV infection causes significant disease burden among preschool children with a history of prematurity leading to severe respiratory infections and increasing health care resource utilization due to prolonged hospitalizations.

PMID: 26117550 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Bronchial lesions of mouse model of asthma are preceded by immune complex vasculitis and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

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Bronchial lesions of mouse model of asthma are preceded by immune complex vasculitis and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

Lab Invest. 2015 Jun 1;

Authors: Guest IC, Sell S

Abstract
We systematically examined by immune histology the lungs of some widely used mouse models of asthma. These models include sensitization by multiple intraperitoneal injections of soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or of OVA with alum, followed by three intranasal or aerosol challenges 3 days apart. Within 24?h after a single challenge there is fibrinoid necrosis of arterial walls with deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and OVA and infiltration of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells that lasts for about 3 days followed by peribronchial B-cell infiltration and slight reversible goblet cell hypertrophy (GCHT). After two challenges, severe eosinophilic vasculitis is present at 6?h, increases by 72?h, and then declines; B-cell proliferation and significant GCHT and hyperplasia (GCHTH) and bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy recur more prominently. After three challenges, there is significantly increased induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, GCHTH, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Elevated levels of Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, are present in bronchial lavage fluids. Sensitized mice have precipitating antibody and positive Arthus skin reactions but also develop significant levels of IgE antibody to OVA but only 1 week after challenge. We conclude that the asthma like lung lesions induced in these models is preceded by immune complex-mediated eosinophilic vasculitis and iBALT formation. There are elevations of Th2 cytokines that most likely produce bronchial lesions that resemble human asthma. However, it is unlikely that mast cell-activated atopic mechanisms are responsible as we found only a few presumed mast cells by toluidine blue and metachromatic staining limited to the most proximal part of the main stem bronchus, and none in the remaining main stem bronchus or in the lung periphery.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 1 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.72.

PMID: 26006019 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Is Secondhand Smoke Exposure Associated With Increased Exacerbation Severity Among Children Hospitalized for Asthma?

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Is Secondhand Smoke Exposure Associated With Increased Exacerbation Severity Among Children Hospitalized for Asthma?

Hosp Pediatr. 2015 May;5(5):249-255

Authors: Andrews AL, Shirley N, Ojukwu E, Robinson M, Torok M, Wilson KM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and length of stay (LOS) and other exacerbation severity indicators in children hospitalized for asthma.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review at 2 children’s hospitals. Patients aged 2 to 18 hospitalized for asthma in 2012 were included. Outcome variables included LOS, PICU, magnesium, and intravenous (IV) steroids. Bivariate analysis determined differences between SHS-exposed and non-SHS-exposed groups. Geometric means were used for LOS to account for skewed distribution. Logistic and zero-truncated negative binomial regression models were used to determine the independent association between SHS exposure and hospitalization severity indicators.
RESULTS: A total of 623 patients were included; 41% reported SHS exposure. Mean LOS was 47.5 hours. In the SHS-exposed group, LOS was 50.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.7-54.0) and in the nonexposed group it was 45.8 (95% CI 43.4-48.4) (P = .02). In regression analysis, institution modified the effect of SHS exposure on LOS. At Children’s Hospital Colorado, SHS exposure was associated with a 20% increase in LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3). At the Medical University of South Carolina, there was no significant association. SHS-exposed patients were more likely to receive IV steroids (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) CONCLUSIONS: Among children hospitalized for asthma, we identified a significant association at 1 institution between SHS exposure and LOS and found that IV steroid use was significantly associated with LOS at both institutions. Eliminating SHS exposure among children with asthma is important.

PMID: 25934808 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Central Obesity in Women Found to Be Associated With Poor Asthma Control – Lung Disease News


Lung Disease News

Central Obesity in Women Found to Be Associated With Poor Asthma Control
Lung Disease News
Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory, respiratory disease that is still uncontrolled in a considerably high number of patients. Comorbidities like obesity have been reported to negatively influence asthma control, and the harmful effects of these …

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Scientists identify rhinovirus C receptor associated with severe asthma attacks – News-Medical.net


News-Medical.net

Scientists identify rhinovirus C receptor associated with severe asthma attacks
News-Medical.net
Scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, have identified a cellular receptor for rhinovirus C, a cold-causing virus that is strongly associated with severe asthma …

and more »

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Scientists Identify Receptor for Asthma Associated Virus – Drug Discovery & Development

Scientists Identify Receptor for Asthma Associated Virus
Drug Discovery & Development
Scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, have identified a cellular receptor for rhinovirus C, a cold-causing virus that is strongly associated with severe asthma …

and more »

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Obesity associated with bronchodilator unresponsiveness in asthmatic minority … – Healio

Obesity associated with bronchodilator unresponsiveness in asthmatic minority …
Healio
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes & Environment (n = 867) and the Genes-Environments & Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II; n = 2, 096). Thirty-six percent of the cohort …

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New genes discovered associated with asthma and allergies – Medical News Today


Medical News Today

New genes discovered associated with asthma and allergies
Medical News Today
White blood cells from a total of 355 participants with asthma were analyzed. The researchers assessed whether levels of methylation – a process in which genes are rendered inactive through the attachment of methyl molecules to their DNA – were …
Epigenetic Study Finds Genes Involved in Allergies, AsthmaNewswise (press release)
Asthma scientists discover 34 genes that make people more likely to suffer …Daily Mail
Study Highlights Drug Targets for Allergies, AsthmaDrug Discovery & Development
Medical Xpress –The FINANCIAL
all 31 news articles »

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Iron Status is Associated with Asthma and Lung Function in US Women.

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Iron Status is Associated with Asthma and Lung Function in US Women.

PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117545

Authors: Brigham EP, McCormack MC, Takemoto CM, Matsui EC

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asthma and iron deficiency are common conditions. Whether iron status affects the risk of asthma is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between iron status and asthma, lung function, and pulmonary inflammation.
METHODS: Relationships between measures of iron status (serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and sTfR/log10ferritin (sTfR-F Index)) and asthma, lung function, and pulmonary inflammation were examined in women 20-49 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic, linear, and quadratic regression models accounting for the survey design of NHANES were used to evaluate associations between iron status and asthma-related outcomes and were adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, smoking status, income, and BMI.
RESULTS: Approximately 16% reported a lifetime history of asthma, 9% reported current asthma, and 5% reported a recent asthma episode/attack (n = 2906). Increased ferritin (iron stores) was associated with decreased odds of lifetime asthma, current asthma, and asthma attacks/episodes in the range of ferritin linearly correlated with iron stores (20-300ng/ml). The highest quintile of ferritin (>76 ng/ml) was also associated with a decreased odds of asthma. Ferritin levels were not associated with FEV1. Increased values of the sTfR-F Index and sTfR, indicating lower body iron and higher tissue iron need, respectively, were associated with decreased FEV1, but neither was associated with asthma. None of the iron indices were associated with FeNO.
CONCLUSION: In US women, higher iron stores were inversely associated with asthma and lower body iron and higher tissue iron need were associated with lower lung function. Together, these findings suggest that iron status may play a role in asthma and lung function in US women.

PMID: 25689633 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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